Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds.docVIP

Toxins 2012, 4, 836-848; doi:10.3390/toxins4100836 OPEN ACCESS toxins ISSN 2072-6651 /journal/toxins Article Estimation of Multi-Mycotoxin Contamination in South African Compound Feeds Patrick B. Njobeh 1,2,*, Mike F. Dutton 1, Annica Tevell ?berg 3,4 and Per Haggblom 3 1 Food, Environment and Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa; E-Mail: mdutton@uj.ac.za 2 Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, 2028 Gauteng, P.O. Box 17011, South Africa 3 Department of Chemistry, Environment and Food Hygiene, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala 75189, Sweden; E-Mails: annica.aberg@sva.se (A.T.A.); per.haggblom@sva.se (P.H.) 4 Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75189, Sweden * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: pnjobeh@uj.ac.za; Tel.: +27-11-559-6803; Fax: +27-11-559-6558. Received: 11 July 2012; in revised form: 17 September 2012 / Accepted: 8 October 2012 / Published: 18 October 2012 Abstract: A total of 92 commercial compound feeds from South Africa were investigated for various mycotoxins. The data reveal the highest incidence of feed contamination for fumonisins (FB) (range: 104–2999 μg/kg) followed by deoxynivalenol (DON) (range: 124–2352 μg/kg) and zearalenone (ZEA) (range: 30–610 μg/kg). The incidence of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AF)-contaminated samples were generally low, i.e., 4% and 30% of samples with levels ranging between 6.4 and 17.1 μg/kg (mean: 9.9 μg/kg) for OTA and 0.2 to 71.8 μg/kg (mean: 9.0 μg/kg) for AF. No samples contained T-2 toxin or HT-2 toxin. However, all samples analyzed were contaminated with at least one mycotoxin with a majority containing several mycotoxins. In particular, 3 of 4 positive samples mainly cattle feeds that had relat