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Event-based internet biosurveillance relation to epidemiological observation
Nelsonetal.EmergingThemesinEpidemiology2012,9:4
/content/9/1/4
EMERGINGTHEMES
IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
ANALYTIC PERSPECTIVE
OpenAccess
Event-basedinternetbiosurveillance:relationto
epidemiologicalobservation
NoelePNelson1,2*,LiYang2,AimeeRReilly2,JessicaEHardin2andDavidMHartley2,3
Abstract
Background:TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)collectsandpublishessurveillancedataandstatisticsforselect
diseases,buttraditionalmethodsofgatheringsuchdataaretimeandlaborintensive.Event-basedbiosurveillance,
whichutilizesavarietyofInternetsources,complementstraditionalsurveillance.Inthisstudyweassessthe
reliabilityofInternetbiosurveillanceandevaluatedisease-specificalertcriteriaagainstepidemiologicaldata.
Methods:WereviewedandcomparedWHOepidemiologicaldataandArgusbiosurveillancesystemdatafor
pandemic(H1N1)2009(April2009–January2010)from8regionsand122countriesto:identifyreliablealert
criteriaamong15Argus-definedcategories;determinethedegreeofdatacorrelationfordiseaseprogression;and
assesstimelinessofInternetinformation.
Results:Argusgeneratedatotalof1,580uniquealerts;5alertcategoriesgeneratedstatisticallysignificant(p0.05)
correlationswithWHOcasecountdata;thesumofthese5categorieswashighlycorrelatedwithWHOcasedata
(r=0.81,p0.0001),withexpecteddifferencesobservedamongthe8regions.Argusreportedfirstconfirmedcases
onthesamedayasWHOfor21ofthefirst64countriesreportingcases,and1to16days(average1.5days)ahead
ofWHOfor42ofthosecountries.
Conclusion:Confirmedpandemic(H1N1)2009casescollectedbyArgusandWHOmethodsreturnedconsistent
resultsandconfirmedthereliabilityandtimelinessofInternetinformation.Disease-specificalertcriteriaprovide
situationalawarenessandmayserveasproxyindicatorstoeventprogressionandescalationinlieuoftraditional
surveillancedata;alertsmayidentifyearly-warningindicatorstoanotherpandemic,preparingthepublichealth
communityfordiseaseevents.
Keywords:Biosurveillance,Infectiousdisease,Epidemiology,Disease-specificalerts,Internetmedia,Earlywarning,
Pandemic(H1N1)2009,Situationalawareness,Outbrea
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