含磷物质对铅耐性与敏感性植物生长及磷铅吸收的影响.doc

含磷物质对耐性与敏感性植物铅吸收的影响 李维立，方月英1，赵玲1，曹心德1* （1.上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院，上海200240） 摘要：将耐性植物芥蓝（Brassica capitata)与敏感植物小白菜(Brassica chinensis)暴露于含Pb的营养液中，通过添加磷灰石矿尾料（PR）、重过磷酸钙（TSP）及二者混合物（P+T）处理，研究含磷物质对两种植物吸收Pb的影响以及Pb在植物根表面形态变化过程。结果显示：添加含磷物质降低了耐性芥蓝根部Pb的含量，但对地上部Pb吸收的影响不显著，对敏感小白菜来说， PR和P+T处理的小白菜根部及地上部 Pb的含量与对照基本一致，而TSP处理促进了Pb的吸收，表现出小白菜根部及地上部Pb的含量显著高于对照组。含磷物质添加诱导了Pb在植物根表面形成了Pb5(PO4)3Cl、Pb5(PO4)3(OH)的沉淀，但这并没有直接导致两种植物对Pb吸收量的减少。 关键词：含磷物质；芥蓝；小白菜；铅；植物根表面 Effect of hosphorous-containing Substances on the Uptake of Lead by the Tolerant and Sensitive Plants LI Wei-li, FANG Yue-ying, ZHAO Ling, CAO Xin-de * (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240) Abstract: Tolerant plant kale（Brassica capitata) and sensitive plant Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) were exposed to nutrient solution containing Pb. Phosphate rock tailing (PR)、triple superphosphate fertilizer (TSP)、combination of PR and TSP (P+T) were then added into the solution. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of phosphorous-containing substances on the?transformations?of Pb on root surface and Pb uptake by plants. The results showed that Pb contents in root of tolerant kale were reduced after addition of phosphorous-containing substances, but Pb contents in the shoot were not significantly affected. For sensitive Chinese cabbage, PR and P+T treatments had little effect on Pb contents in root and shoot, however, Pb uptake was improved by addition of TSP. Formations of Pb5(PO4)3Cl and Pb5(PO4)3(OH) on surface of plant root were induced by the added phosphorous-containing substances, which was in no position to directly reduce Pb absorption by plants. Key words: Phosphorous-containing substance; Kale; Chinese cabbage; Lead; Root surface 研究表明：向Pb污染的土壤中添加含磷物质能有效减少植物对Pb的吸收[1-4]。陈世宝等[5]向Pb污染的土壤中分别添加了羟基磷灰石、磷矿粉及磷酸氢钙，发现种植的中国芥菜（Brassica oleracea)中Pb的吸收量显著下降，认为含磷物质诱导了土壤中Pb向残留态转化从而降低了有效态Pb的含量。王碧玲等[6]在Pb/Zn矿区污染的土壤中添加磷矿粉、过磷酸钙和钙镁磷肥，发现种植的小白菜中Pb的含量都显著降低，原因是含磷物质与土壤中Pb形成了难容性的氯