09-2013年五年四川高考英语试题分析及2014考前准备之从句.docVIP

第八章 从 句 句子成分 一、主语 定义：由名词、代词（人称代词用主格）、动词不定式、动名词等充当，说明动作是“谁”发出的，主句是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或“什么事”。 The painter painted a very nice picture. They fought against SARS bravely. To see is to believe. Helping animals is to help people. 二、谓语 定义：是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，在主语后接宾语，又称受词，是一个动作的接受者。 由“不及物动词”、“及物动词+宾语”或“系动词+表语”等构成，说明主语所表示的人物“干什么”或者“怎么样”。 He travelled in space for the first time . Who teaches you English this year？ The pizza has gone bad. 三、宾语 定义：又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。宾语可分为直接宾语和间接宾语两类。 The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(代词和名词充当两个宾语) He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money. (不定式作宾语) They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons. (动名词作宾语) I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding.(从句作宾语) 四、表语 定义：说明主语的身份、性质、状况等含义的成分，通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、代词等充当。 He became a doctor after he left high school. The rubber wheels are over there. He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold. Who is it? 五、定语 定义：修饰名词或代词的成分,常由形容词、名词(含所有格)、代词(物主、指示、疑问、不定)、介词短语、不定式(短语)充当,在初三阶段还学习了定语从句做定语的知识。 Put it in the top drawer. France and Switzerland are European countries. His mother and father are both college teachers. This is the day that I can never forget in my life. 注意：单词做定语时一般放在被修饰的名词前面,而且有一定的次序： 冠词/ 物代年龄/形状/ 大小/温度色彩来源质地/ 材料目的/ 用途被修饰的名词(中心词)a the my his … old,young,… red, yellow, blue, … Chinese, English, American, … wooden, woolen, glass, silk, paper … meeting, tennis, sports, reading, swimming, … box, shoes, room, pig … long,short, round, square… big, large, small, little… hot, cold, warm, cool… 六、状语 定义：说明动作“何时”、“何地”、“如何”发生,或者说明形容词或副词的程度,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等充当。 I was not born yesterday. For many of these families a college education was something new. He woke up to find his house on fire. You cannot leave until your work is finished.七、宾语补足语 定义：补充说明宾语的动作、状态的成分为宾语补足语,常由名词、形容词、动词非谓语形式(不定式、现在分词、过去分词等)、介词短语等充当。 Call him Jim,