第三课金属离子在生物分子折叠和交联中的作用.pptVIP

第三课金属离子在生物分子折叠和交联中的作用及应用 金属离子对蛋白结构的稳定作用 金属离子对核酸结构的稳定作用 蛋白质连接到金属结合的DNA上 Aspartate transcarbamoylase (天冬氨酸氨甲酰基转移酶, ATCase), or carbamoyltransferase, is an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine嘧啶 nucleotides核苷. It catalyses a reaction between aspartic acid天冬氨酸 and carbamoyl phosphate氨基甲酰磷酸盐 to generate N-carbamoyl aspartate with the release of inorganic phosphate. The complete, active enzyme consist of no less than 12 different protein chains or subunits. It contains two catalytic components each made up of three identical subunits. One of these components is shown, with the different subunits in different shades of blue, in the diagram. The rest of the enzyme is composed of three regulatory components each comprising two subunits. These components form the corners of the enzyme which has a roughly triangular shape. One of them is highlighted in the diagram with the two subunits in colours of green. The catalytic and regulatory components can be separated. The catalytic components are found to be capable of catalysing the reaction in the usual way except that they have no allosteric properties无变构效应. They show no sign of substrate cooperativity and no reaction with allosteric effectors. The regulatory components are unable to carry out catalysis, but can bind the usual effectors of ATCase, CTP (an inhibitor) and ATP (an activator). Four Types of DNA-Binding Proteins DNA-binding proteins play an important role in regulating the expression of new proteins. These proteins interact with DNA by means of various structural motifs, and can stimulate or repress transcription of mRNA, depending on the properties and location of the DNA sequence to which they bind. TATA-binding protein (TBP). It binds a highly conserved sequence (TATAAAAG) in the promoter of eukaryotes and is essential for the assembly of the transcriptional apparatus. E. coli lac repressor. It is representative of DNA-binding proteins that use the helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif to recogniz