特异性免疫应答的特点2012.ppt

Cytokine deviation Differentiation to Th2 cell induces IL-10 and TGF-b secretion which limit Th1-mediated inflammation. Peripheral tolerance 免疫耐受的生物学意义 免疫耐受是机体免疫系统识别自己与非己的基础，即免疫系统在建立对自身抗原耐受的基础上，才能识别并排斥异己抗原，从而维持自身环境的稳定。 免 疫 耐 受 超敏反应 自身免疫病 移植排斥 反应 某些感染 免疫耐受的临床意义 肿 瘤 小 结 BCR/TCR 多样性机制: - 多个编码V区的胚系基因片段; - 不同的V-J 和V-D-J的排列组合; - 连接多样性; - 体细胞高频突变(仅见抗体多样性)。 记忆T/B细胞介导再次应答。记忆细胞的特征：更敏感（抗原、共刺激信号、CK）; 更有效; 长寿命细胞。 免疫耐受的机制: - 中枢耐受: 阴性选择(T细胞), 清除, 失能及受体编辑 (B细胞)。 - 外周耐受: 克隆清除、克隆失能、克隆忽视、克隆抑制。 思 考 题 简述TCR和BCR多样性的机制。 试述自身免疫耐受的机制。 比较T细胞耐受和B细胞耐受的差异。 The first mechanism is rearrangement of antigen receptor gene segments. As we know that BCR or antibody consists of two heavy chains and two light chains containing V region which recognize or bind the antigen and C region. The diversity of BCR or free antibody is due to different VDJ recombinations. This shows us Ig genes on the germ line DNA. In light chain locus there are V region genes, joining segment genes and constant region genes. For light chain a V segment rearranges to a J segment to make a gene for the V domain of light chain and constant genes code the constant region of light chain. In heavy chain locus there are many V segment genes, Diversity segment genes, joining segment genes and constant segments genes. For heavy chain rearrangement of V, D and J segments generates a gene for the V domain of heavy chain. So V domain of light chain is encoded by a gene of VJ recombination and V domain of heavy chain is encoded by a gene of VDJ recombination. Locus, variable region segment genes, joining segment gene, diversity segment gene Loci There are no diversity segment genes in light chain locus. So there are many different recombination of VDJ gene segments to generate various BCR or antibody specificities. * TCR基因重排 β和δ链基因重排同VH基因 α和γ链基因重排同VL基因 S. aureus阿爾法溶血素 * Each heavy chain C gene has two exons, membrane coding (MC),yellow that encode the transmembrane region, and a secretion codi