华工成型技术第三部分总结.doc

Part III 成形（型）部分 Forming and Shaping Processes and Equipment 13 Rolling of Metal (轧制） 13.1、Introduction Rolling(轧制)：is the process of reducing the thickness (or changing the cross-section) of a long workpiece by compressive forces applied through a set of rolls Plate(厚板)：which are generally regards as having a thickness greater than 6 mm, are used for structural applications Sheet(薄板)：having a thickness less than 6 mm thick; are provided to manufacturing facilities as flat pieces or as strip in coils for further processing into various products. Plate厚板作为结构件，Sheet薄板作为半成品 13.2、Flat Rolling（平扎） Flat Rolling（平扎）：A strip （带料 / 条料）of thickness ho enters the roll gap （辊缝 / 辊隙 / 辊间 距离）and is reduced to thickness hf by a pair of rotating rolls, each roll being powered through its own shaft by electric motors （电动机） Vr: The surface speed of the rolls（轧辊的速度） V0: The velocity of the strip at the entrance（板材入口处的速度） Vf: The velocity of the strip at the exit（板材出口处的速度） neutral point（中性点）or no-slip point(无滑动点) :one point along the contact length where the velocity of the strip is the same as that of the roll. 由于速度在中性点前后不一致(1) Frictional Forces（摩擦力-平扎中材料前行的驱动力） The rolls pull the material into the roll gap through a net frictional force（净摩擦力） on the material. 摩擦力的危害：1) energy is dissipated in overcoming friction;2) high friction could damage the surface of the rolled product The maximum possible draft（压下量）, defined as the difference between the initial and final thicknesses, (ho-hf), is a function of the coefficient of friction,μ,and the roll radius, R: ho-hf =ūR Thus, the higher the friction and the larger the roll radius, the grater the maximum possible draft (and reduction in thickness) becomes. (2) Roll Force（轧制力）：F= L W Yavg 减少轧制力的措施：1）reducing friction; 2)using smaller-diameter rolls ;3)taking smaller reductions per pass;4）rolling at elevated temperatures (3)Spreading现象： 对于有高宽厚比的厚板或者薄板的轧制，材料的宽度在轧制过程中基本保持不变，但对于宽厚比较小的厚板或薄板的轧制，材料的宽度在轧制的过程中增加的现象叫做Spreading现象；从左图中Top view俯视