互惠到交换理解农村人情变迁的视角.pdfVIP

人。品祉4.­ 2014 年3 月 M町. ,2014 第30 卷第l 期 Population and Society Vol.30 No.l |乡村治理与建设| 互惠到交换:理解农村人情变迁的视角 余练 (华中科技大学中国乡村治理研究中心，湖北武汉 430074) [摘要]在人类学研究中，互惠概念是解释人情的经典范式。但是近年来，农村人惰性凌发生了蜕变，以资 源转化型、财富聚敛型和拉关系型人情为特征的交换性人情替代了互惠性人情，并有逐渐加剧的趋势。探究人 情变迁的机制可以发现，农村人情的变迁实际上是社会结构的变迁，以宗族血缘关系为基础的熟人社会正在被 地缘、业缘和趣缘关系为基础的原子化社会所取代，人情的性质随之变化。 [关键词]人情;互惠性;交换性;社会结构;社会变迁 [中图分类号J C912. 11 [文献标识码J A [文章编号J 1007 -032X(2014 )01 -∞ω-06 Abstract: In the study of anthropology , the concept of reciprocity is explained as the basis of human relationship (offering and accepting gifts , favors and banquets). But in recent years big changes have taken place in human relationship of rural people , with the reciprocal being gradually replaced by trading featured as transforming re- sources , collecting wealth and currying favor. To explore the mechanism of social change , it is found that the change of the rural human relationship is actually the change of social structure. As traditional acquaintance soci- ety on the basis of the clan consan伊inity is being replaced by the atomization of society on the basis !Jf geograph- ical , industrial and interest relations , then nature of human relationship changes. Key words: human relationship; reciprocity; trading; social structure; social change 礼等概念联系起来，实质上也包括了互惠原则， 一、问题的提出 人情作为一种人类社会最普通的现象，受到海 只是中国学者不是侧重在人情(礼物)动机层面， 内外学者的一致关注，学科上属于人类学和社会学 而是侧重从社会行为、社会心理和社会关系角度对 范畴。人类学对人情的关注点是礼物的性质， 人情进行剖析[4 刑。研究中国人情，首先放弃互惠 比如莫斯提出礼物之灵，关注礼物精神方面的