Peerages爵位.pptVIP

Introduction to Peerage Classification Appellation Duke?comes from the?Latin?dux, which means leader, and was created in?1337. 法兰克帝国时期的地方军政长官，其拉丁文原意为统帅。欧洲现在很多国家都是从公爵国转变的，如诺曼底公国（英国前身）。 Baron?comes from the Old Germanic?baro, which was created in 1066. High-level noblemen were all created Barons. British baron appeared in the 11th century. Until the early 12th century most of the senior secular nobles had been called baron.  Appellation “ Grace” is the respectful title for Duke (Duchess), “ Your Grace” is the direct appellation while “His (Her) Grace” is indirect appellation. When you write letters to Duke or Duchess ,you should write “ His Grace the Duke of…” or “ Her Grace the Duke of…” at the beginning of the letter to show honor to Duke or Duchess. 侯爵Marquis (Marchioness), 伯爵 Earl (Countess ), 子爵 Viscount (Viscountess) and 男爵 Baron (Baroness) are called “ Lord ” （勋爵）。 Marchioness(爵夫人),Countess(伯爵夫人), Viscounts(子爵夫人) and Baroness(男爵夫人) are called “ Lady(夫人)”,the appellation of “Lady（夫人）”includes“Lady ”and surname of husband . Each daughter of Duke (Duchess) 公爵,Marquis (Marchioness) 侯爵and Earl (Countess )伯爵 can be called “ Lady” .If she gets married ,her surname will be replaced by that of her husband. Even if her husband isn’t knighted, she is still called “ Lady”. If her husband is knighted, Her honorable title will be relevant to that of her husband. The title of nobility plays an important role in modern life. Firstly ,someone who has been knighted will be able to get special treatment when booking service in restaurant or hotel. Secondly ,only the title of nobility can make you become a member of the House of Lords(英国上议院） Thirdly, when you take part in traditional party in tavern, an old janitor(看门人）calls you “Lord XXX” ,make a bow and take off his hat. This a manner not everyone can get. * Peerages British aristocracy(贵族) is not innate and not been invented in a day . Caste(社会地