反重力渗流铸造法制备泡沫铝.doc

反重力渗流铸造法制备开孔泡沫铝材料 王 辉，文 康，周向阳(，李 劼 （） 摘 要：有助于 中图分类号：TG146.4 文献标识码：A Preparation of open-celled aluminum foams by countergravity infiltration casting WANG Hui, WEN Kan, ZHOU Xiang-yang, LI Jie (School of Metallurgy and Environment, Centre South University, Changsha 410083, China) Abstract: The open-celled aluminum foams were prepared by counter-gravity infiltration casting system. The quasi-static compression performance and the relationship between void content and the main preparation process parameters were investigated. The experimental results show that there is hardly macro-defect in the foam samples prepared by counter-gravity infiltration casting. The foam materials exhibit uniform pores distribution and structural integrity of every pore. The void content affects the mechanical properties of aluminum foams strongly. The yield stress and plateau stress significantly increase with the decrease of void content. Raising pre-heating temperature, increasing packing pressure and extending dwell time are effective to lower the void content in aluminum foams. Key words: counter-gravity infiltration casting; open-celled aluminum foams; void content; quasi-static compression performance 泡沫铝是一种新型超轻多孔功能结构材料，它结合了多孔结构的特性和金属的性能。由于泡沫铝的轻质结构、吸能等，[1-4]。特别是开孔泡沫铝具有独特孔连通结构，[5-7]。 真空渗流铸造法工艺简单等优点“渗流不足”“渗流过度”等缺陷大大阻碍了多孔铝材的应用发展[10-12]。反重力渗流铸造[13]。本论文采用反重力渗流铸造开孔铝 1 实验1.1 开孔泡沫铝材料的制备 本论文选择的基体金属为A356铝合金，其化学成分列于表1，填料粒子选用MOD，粒径范围为2.2~2.8 mm。主要制备工艺步骤包括：（1）（2）（3）凝固冷却后取出样品，并将其置于超声波水浴中除去填料粒子，便得到开孔铝样品1所示。铸造设备采用本课题组结合帕斯卡原理和压力浸渗原理发明的反重力铸造系统，如图2所示。 表1 A356合金的化学成分(质量分数) Si Fe Cu Mg Mn Al 7.05 ≤0.20 ≤0.20 0.35 ≤0.10 余量 图1 开孔泡沫铝的反重力渗流制备工艺流程图 图2 反重力渗流铸造系统示意图 1—加热熔化室；2—熔化室加热炉；3—加料口；4—加压管；5—加压设备；6—调压阀；7—压力表；8—渗流室；9—渗流室保温炉；10—导流管入口；11—卸压管；12—泄压阀；13—密封垫；14—导流管；15—密封垫；16—导流管出口 1.2 样品性能表征 1.2.1 表面形貌与孔特征表征 (1) 采用高像素数码相机(SONY, DSC-P10)。(2) 孔隙的表征。开孔铝包含有两种孔隙，第一种是粒子溶出留下的孔隙，第二种是由于工艺控制不当等原因导致渗流不足造成。(VC)来表征，其计算公示表示如下[14-15]： (1)