现在完成时-语法讲解 2.docVIP

语法：现在完成时 1、现在完成时的定义： 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有联系有影响，即用一个发生在过去的动作来说明现在的情况。 2、现在完成时的谓语构成： 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词 3、常用时间状语： （1）与包括“现在”在内的时间状语连用，如：by now（到现在为止） , so far（迄今为止） , these days（这些天来）, this year, this month, today, in the past few years（在过去的几年以来）等； e.g.We have planted many flowers this year. China has changed a lot in the past few years. I have learned two thousand words so far(by now). It has rained these days. (2)与副词连用，如：just, before, already,never,ever,yet, Recently，since, for等 e.g. Have you ever watched Harry Potter? The new book have not arrived yet. Have you heard from him yet? They have already finished their homework. I have never seen an alien. He has just come. We have seen the movie before. My mother has worked here since 1949. I have taught English in this school for six years. 4、用法： （1）表示过去发生的或已完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。“干了/干过某事” e.g. I have finished my work. She has read all these books. The man has lived in China. 比较：I have seen the film.(我了解电影的内容) I saw the film last week.(只说明上周看过电影) He has lived here since 1972.（现在他还住在这里） He lived here in 1972.(不涉及现在是否住在这里) （2）表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。“干某事多长时间” for +段时间 since +时间点/一般过去时的句子 (都用How long 提问) →配套练习P44 A 例：We have learned English for three years. We have learned English since three years ago. How long have you learned English? They have known each other since they were young. How long have they known each other? 练习： 一、将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句： 1.I have made a mistake. 2.She has done this exercise well. 3.I have heard of the writer. 4.The train has arrived. 5.I have seen these two English films. 6.His uncle has taught me to skate. 7.Tom has left his book at home. 8.My mother has cooked the dinner. 9.Mr. Smith has been to Beijing. 10.He has lived in New York. 二、用for 或since 填入下列句子： 1.He has lived here _____ six years. 2.Our teacher has taught at this school _____ 1972. 3.We have lived in this street _____ 1975. 4.His daughter has been abroad _____ a year and half. 5