水田草甘膦,草甘膦在水域除草研究.doc

Glyphosate-Based Aquatic Herbicides An Overview of Risk by Susan Monheit, CDFA-IPC [Editor’s note: The following article is the result of a thorough literature review and multiple consultations with pesticide chemists and eco-toxicologists. It does not constitute an endorsement for any commercial product. The Noxious Times staff is aware that many of the issues around the safety of Glyphosate-based herbicides concern surfactants rather than the active ingredient. A similar review is being conducted on surfactants and will be presented in a future Noxious Times. Persons wishing to obtain a electronic copy of this article may email loosestrife@.] Introduction Public awareness of the potential adverse effects of pesticide use has been growing over the past several decades. Environmentalists now raise concerns when pesticides are used, and demand proactive assessments of the potential impacts of pest management activities. What has not been widely recognized by many environmentalists is the magnitude of difference between highly toxic, persistent, and lipophillic (fat soluble) organochlorine insecticides such as DDT, and the relatively low toxicity, quick degradability, and lipophobic (fat insoluble) nature of glyphosate-based herbicides such as Aquamaster??(Monsanto Company, St. Louis MO), Rodeo??(Dow Agrosciences, Indianapolis, IN), and Roundup???(Monsanto Company, St. Louis MO). Integrated pest management (IPM) is a multi-disciplinary approach to tackling the problem of invasive species. In integrated weed management programs, effective tools to control the spread of noxious weeds may include mechanical, chemical and biological control techniques. Each method has its strength, and when used together or in succession, can increase the effectiveness of a program substantially. The use of herbicides to control noxious weeds is an integral part of this process. Efficacy and potential toxicity to non-target organisms are the two factors that most often the guiding herbici