莫索湾灌区土壤剖面盐分空间分布特征`.doc

莫索湾灌区土壤剖面盐分空间分布特征 　　摘要：以新疆莫索湾灌区为研究区域，运用经典统计学和地统计学的分析方法，研究不同土层（0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100 cm）土壤盐分含量的空间变异特征，并绘制了土壤剖面盐分含量分布图。结果表明，研究区土壤剖面盐分含量随着土层深度增加逐渐增大，具有一定的低聚特征，表层土壤平均含盐量最低，60～100 cm的土层含盐量最高；各土层土壤盐分均符合对数正态分布，但整个研究区土壤盐分含量最大值出现在表层，0～40 cm的土层盐分属于强变异性，40～100 cm的土层盐分是中等变异性；研究区各层土壤盐分均属于中等空间自相关，0～20、20～40 cm土层的块金系数分别为0.698和0.653，空间相关性低于底层；克里格插值分析表明，各土层含盐量均呈斑状、块状分布，研究区的土壤盐分南部高于北部，东部高于西部 关键词：灌区；土壤剖面；盐分；空间分布 中图分类号：S153 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）10-2488-04 DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.10.011 Abstract：In order to analyze the spatial variation characteristics of salinity of different soil layers（0～20，20～40，40～60，60～80，80～100 cm），Mosuowan irrigated area in Xinjiang was chosen as study area， and classical statistics and geostatistics were used to obtain the salinity distribution map of the soil profile. The results showed that the salinity in soil profile increased gradually with the increase of soil depth in the study area. The average soil salinity of surface soil was the lowest， whereas it was the highest in soil layer of 60～100 cm. The soil salinity of each soil layer conformed to logarithmic normal distribution， but the maximum value of soil salinity in the study area appeared in the surface layer. The soil salinity of 0～40 cm showed strong variability， and the soil salinity of 40～100 cm showed medium variability. The soil salinity of each layer in the study area was of moderate spatial autocorrelation，the nugget coefficient of 0～20 cm and 20～40 cm soil layer were 0.698 and 0.653， and spatial correlation was lower than the underlying. The Kriging interpolation analysis showed that， the distribution of soil salinity was porphyritic or nubby， and the soil salinity was higher in the south and east than in the north and west of the study area. Key words： irrigated area； soil profile； salinity； spatial distribution 土壤盐渍化是干旱、半干旱、半湿润地区土壤的普遍特征，也是土壤退化最主要的表现之一。全国约有31.1%的耕地受到盐渍化的威胁，主要是由于随着土壤和水资源不合理的开发利用，导致灌区局部蓄水量持续增大，地下水位居高不下，土壤盐分在表层聚集，严重影响和制约了农业发展和资源的可持续