美语发音.pdf

美语发音概述--英语发音类别 基本分类及常识 语音分元音和辅音两大类，每一个语音必定属于这两者之一。 元音 元音是一种有声音，发音时用舌头和嘴唇使口腔定形，声带振动。同时气流从咽腔和口腔不断流出，不受阻碍， 也没有变狭窄，因而听不出摩擦。 辅音 （在正常言语中）除元音外所有的其它音都叫辅音。一部分辅音发音时，气流不通过口腔，如[m]；另一部分 辅音发音时，气流在通过口腔时，受到这样或那样的阻碍，或在口腔中的某个点受到摩擦。 元音分类A 根据发音时舌头在口腔中抬起的部位不同，我们把单素元音分为前元音、中元音和后元音。 例如：[1] 前元音，口型舒展 [u:] 后元音，口型收拢 前元音 舌前部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫前元音。 前元音(Front Vowels)主要有： 英式英语：[i:] [i] [e] [1] 美式英语：[i] [I] [A] [1] Practice these four sounds in phrases. eat the meat make a wish very well a mad man keep the seat sit down get ready a jazz band three trees best friend a black bag Peter’s secret a small fish ten men a plastic bag the Chinese people a bit chilly Teddy Bear hand in hand a piece of cheese bit by bit wet with sweat a happy marriage a friend in need fit as a fiddle best seller on behalf of our class 中元音 舌中部向硬颚抬起时发出的元音叫中元音。 中元音(Central Vowels)主要有： 英式英语：[4:] [4] [8] 美式英语：没有[4:]，多为[4r]；[4]与[8]相同。 Practice these three sounds in phrases. the first term a long term some money learn the words among the workers some honey a firm girl never forget once in a month a nervous nurse a sheet of paper a tough son an early bird a drop of water a funny couple a dirty shirt the teachers of China a sudden jump 1 the third world the doctor’s daughter just for fun an active learner at the counter blood for blood 后元音 发音时舌后部需要向软颚抬起的元音叫作后元音； 后元音(Back Vowels)主要有： 英式英语：[3] [3:] [u] [u:] 美式英语：[2] [3] [U] [u] Practice these four sounds in phrases. pop music law and order push and pull pop concert daughter-in-law youthful by hook or by crook