现代食品化学研究进展6食品中的有害成分化学.ppt

Heavy metals represent a group of dangerous pollutants, to which close attention is paid. Many heavy metals are essential as important constituents of pigments and enzymes, mainly zinc, nickel and copper. However, all metals, especially cadmium, lead, mercury and copper, are toxic at high concentration because of disrupting enzyme functions, replacing essential metals in pigments or producing reactive oxygen species. （十） Polychlorinated biphenyl(PCBs) 多氯联苯 工业三废排放而污染食品。 PCBs were widely used as dielectric and coolant fluids, for example in transformers, capacitors, and electric motors. Concerns about the toxicity of PCBs are largely based on compounds within this group that share a structural similarity and toxic mode of action with dioxin. Toxic effects such as endocrine disruption and neurotoxicity are also associated with other compounds within the group. any of the 209 configurations of organochlorides with 2 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to biphenyl, which is a molecule composed of two benzene rings. Part 3 Harmful ingredients in the food processing 食品加工过程中产生的有害成分 Nitrosamines（亚硝胺类） chemical compounds of the chemical structure R1N(-R2)-N=O, most of which are carcinogenic。 In foods, nitrosamines are produced from nitrites and secondary amines, which often occur in the form of proteins. Their formation can occur only under certain conditions, including strongly acidic conditions such as that of the human stomach. High temperatures, as in frying, can also enhance the formation of nitrosamines. Nitrosamines in Food, Body Fluids, and Occupational Exposure? Fried bacon Cured meats Beer? Nonfat dry milk? Tobacco products? Gastric juices? Rubber products? Rubber manufacturing? Metal industries? Pesticide production and use? Certain cosmetics? Certain chemical manufacturing Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 多环芳烃类: are potent atmospheric pollutants that consist of fused aromatic rings and do not contain heteroatoms(杂原子) or carr