系统功能语言学情态课件.pptx

情态2016.11;;言语具有的四种基本功能，即给予信息，索取信息，给予货物和劳务及索取货物和劳务。 它们的功能标签分别是：陈述（statement）,提问（questioin）,提供(offer)和命令（commend） 提议 命题 ;语气; 情态;参考点有两个： 一是说话时间，如A young girl was crossing the river. 【主要时态primary tense】 二是讲话者的判断，如It cant be true一句中的cant. 【情态】 主要时态有三种，现在、过去和将来，其意义是讲话时的时间概念，相对于“此时此刻”而言的，一个命题可由于与这些时间概念表明的说话环境相关而成为可议论的概念。 情态指讲话者对他讲话中所涉及的概率或频率，以及义务或意愿作出的判断，由情态助动词表达。一个命题可由于其出现的可能与不可能，或可取不可取而成为可议论的概念。;同时，还有一个与限定性相伴的应属概念功能的意义特征——归一性（Polarity）;;;全语言法的核心概念（卢凌）;语言本身的整体性;学习环境的整体性; 学习者的整体性;教师的整体性;教材的整体性;教学方法及技巧的整体性;突出原则（卢凌——探索）;Whole Language 在中国;;总结;Background;;Emphasis: Learning to read and write naturally with focus on real communication and reading and writing for pleasure. Philosophical and instructional basis: same as CLT in emphasizing the importance of meaning and meaning making in teaching and learning. Belief: It relates to natural approaches to LL in its intention of helping children and adults learn a SL in the same way that they their L1. Bergeron (1990) found WL treated as an approach, a philosophy, or as a method, in a survey of 64 articles on WL. It was proved to to an approach. Key principles: Language is whole and learning LSRW should be integrated.;Approach: Theory of language;Approach: Theory of learning;Use of authentic literature rather than artificial, specially prepared texts and exercises designed to practice individual reading skills; Focus on real and natural events rather than on specialluy written stories that do not relate to the students’ experience; Reading of real texts of high interest, particularly literature; Writing for a real audience and not simply to practice writing skills; Writing as a process for learners to explore and discover meaning;;Use of student-produced texts rather than teacher-generated or other-generated texts; Integration of reading, writing,and others skills; Student-centered learning: ss have choice over what they read and wr