美国禁止残疾歧视立法的实践及启示.pdfVIP

. . / 专题研究 权益保障/Monographic Study Rights Protection 美国禁止残疾歧视立法的实践及启示 ■蒋 月 摘要 【 】在美国，为使残疾人免遭歧视，联邦和州通过立法实施干预，以确保残疾人雇佣机会平等、 全面参与社会生活、独立生活和经济上自给自足。实质性限制了一个人一项或多项主要生命活动的 身体或精神之损害，构成残疾。立法详尽规定禁止雇佣歧视的种种情形，兼顾雇主的合理要求，并 避免可能给第三人及公众带来的风险。法律对公立雇主的要求高于私立雇主。美国反残疾歧视立法 内容包括实体规定、程序安排、权利救济等，这对于我国客观全面理解残疾并完善相关立法和公共 政策有较大启发。 关键词 【 】美国 ；残疾歧视 ；立法干预 ；启示 Disability Discrimination Legislation, Practice in the US and Its Enlightenment JIANG Yue 【 】In the United States, to prevent discrimination against disabled people , federal and Abstract states have made laws to ensure that they could have equal opportunity in employment, full participation in social life, living independently and self-sufficiency. According to federal legislation, substantive limits on one or more major life activities of physical or mental injury of a person constitutes a disability, without considering the improvement effect after taking some measures. Legislation especially detailed state laws prohibits employment discrimination in all kinds of situations, but when they take into account the employers reasonable request and avoid possible for third people and public risks. The laws put more requirements on public employers than private employers. The disability discrimination legislation including the entity law, program arrangement, rights relief seems perfectly, so that there is basically no legal loophole. Practical experiences of US are very useful to understand disability objectively and comprehensively, and improve Chinese legislation related and public policies. 【 】US; Disability discrimination; Legislative invention; Enlightenment Key words 引言 近现代，歧视残疾人的状况虽有改进，然而，在雇佣、