分词作状语（学生）.pptVIP

Unit One --- StructureThe Participle as an adverbial 分词作状语 使用having done或having been done的分词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或完成的时间状语，例如：before, already, for a long time, many times等。 1. 分词或分词短语作状语，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式或伴随状况等。 2. 分词或分词短语作状语时， 分词必须与主句主语有主动或被动的关系；否则，不能将表示时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式或伴随等含义的动词转换成分词结构。 3. 如果分词短语作表示时间、条件、让步状语时，分词短语前有时可带when，while，where，as if， even if， although， once， unless， until等连接词。 通过句意或句子间的关系来判断状语部分（确定使用分词的部分）；分词在句中可以作表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随、方式等关系的状语； 使用分词前务必判断分词动作与主句主语之间是否存在主被动关系； 通过判断分词动作与主句主语的主被动关系，和判断分词动作与主语谓语动作发生时间的先后或同时关系，来选择恰当的分词形式； 切记：用作状语关系的分词只有以下四种形式——doing, done, having done, having been done。 * * 分词作状语的形式 (not) done (not) having been done (not) done 被动语态 / (not) having done (not) doing 主动语态 完成式 一般式 ? 过去分词 ? 现在分词 注意：不及物动词的现在分词是没有被动语态形式的 各种形式的用法及语法意义 (1) doing:分词表达的动作与主句主语成主动关系,并且与主句谓语动词表达的动作(基本)同时发生。 e.g. Last weekend, I went shopping, hoping to buy something. (Although) Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. ______ (be) short of money, they had to spend the night in a small hotel. Being (2) having done:分词表达的动作与主句主语成主动关系,并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前(两动作之间有明显的时间间隔），或者其本来就是完成时形式。 e.g. Having stood there for near an hour, I couldn’t buy it without money. (Once) Having made a promise, you should keep it. Not having received his letter, she decided to write again. Although ________________ (graduate) from the college for many years, he didn’t stop studying. having graduated (3) having been done:分词表达的动作与主句主语成被动关系,并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前(两动作之间有明显的时间间隔）， 或者其本来就是完成时形式。 e.g. Having been told to be careful many times before, I forgot it that day. Having been given more time, I would have done it better. ______ for a long time, the flower is almost dying. A. Having not watered B. Not watering C. Not having been watered D. Not been watered 窍门 (4) done: 分词表达的动作与主句主语成被动关系，并且发生在主句谓语动词表达的动作之前或同时发生。 e.g. Attracted by the salesman, I walked to her. (When) Taught by the salesman how to use it, su