2015高中英语 Unit3 Understanding each other虚拟语气学案 牛津译林版选修6.docVIP

虚拟语气 语气有三种：陈述语气、虚拟语气、祈使语气。虚拟语气，表示说话人的假设、猜测、建议或愿望，而不表示客观存在的事实。 第一部分 虚拟语气用于含（或隐含）条件状语从句的复合句 一、 基本情况 1、与现在事实相反 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be的过去式一般用were）”；而主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。例如： If he had time, he would attend the meeting. If I were you, I would go to look for him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If they were here now, they would help you. 练练看 If they (have) time, they (study) Italian too. If there (be) no gravity, we (not be) able to walk. 2、与过去事实相反 表示与过去的事实相反的假设时，条件状语从句的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”；主句中的谓语动词用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词” 例如： If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him. If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 练练看 The rice ___________ (not burn) if you ___________ (be) more careful yesterday. If my lawyer ___________ (be) here last Saturday, he ___________ (prevent) me from going. 3、与将来事实可能相反 表示与将来事实相反的假设时，条件从句和主句所用的谓语动词 与“表示与现在事实相反的假设”的谓语动词相同，或者条件从句中用“were to (should)+动词原形”。例如： If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn’t go out. 练练看 If he (go) tomorrow, he (tell) you. 小结 请填好以下表格 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与将来事实可能相反 主句 从句 注意：even if/though引导从句用于虚拟语气的形式与if从句相同。 Even though I had been very busy then, I would have helped you. 二、 特殊情况 1、主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间不同（错综时态虚拟） 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整。 If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now. Many dead people would now be alive if they had not attempted to return for something. If Paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. 练练看 If you (ask) him yesterday, you ( know) what to do