第6章 芳香烃及亲电取代反应.ppt

一公 斤的玫瑰精油需要 6000 公斤的玫瑰花瓣。 一公斤的茉 莉花精油至少也要 8,000,000 朵的茉莉花才能够制造出。 植物精油的作用 　　一、净化空气与杀菌：由于精油有抗菌防腐的成分，所以它有抗菌、抗微生物及抗病毒的特性。 　　二、提供细胞营养：因为精油含有荷尔蒙、维生素、抗生素，所以能提供我们身体细胞营养。 　　三、平衡身心灵：精油最重要的特质是气味，它会影响大脑的边缘系统，作用在嗅觉上，微小的芳香分子更会在中枢神经上引起心理以及生理不同层次的反应。 　　四、免疫功能：其中最重要的特性是芳香精油有助于加强身体的免疫系统，帮助抵抗各种病菌、病毒的攻击。 　　五、具有天然的防腐特质。 ★薰衣草油：有镇静、促进胆汁分泌、愈创、利尿、通经、催眠、降血压、发汗等作用，香气又极佳，“像香水一样”，是目前备受推崇的天然精油。 　　★迷迭香油：有镇咳、驱风、治疗低血压、健胃作用，也有促进胆汁分泌、利尿、通经、发汗作用。它清凉、尖辛的药草香气，有些像薰衣草、桉树叶、樟脑、肉豆蔻油的香味，给人以清爽之感，香气强烈、透发，而且留长。 　　★柠檬油： 有驱风、清净、利尿、解热、行血、止血、降血压、清凉作用。 　 　 　　★丁香油： 也有驱风、愈创、健胃作用，香气也较好。丁香油有花蕾油、叶油、梗油、净油（由丁香花蕾浸膏提取）之分，花蕾油、叶油、梗油、净油（由丁香花蕾浸膏提取）之分，花蕾油与净油疗效较好。 。。。 。。。 Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅳ Ⅲ Ⅴ Ⅵ Resonance structure: Background Knowledge: Heat evolved upon catalytic hydrogenation (?Ho) hints the stability For example : A measure of alkene stability b ) Unusually large resonance energies of benzene (Hydrogenation of benzene) Molecular Orbital The 6 p-orbitals combine to give Three bonding orbitals with 6 ? electrons, Three antibonding orbitals Orbitals with the same energy are degenerate c) Effect of aromatic stabilization on reactions of benzene Conclusion: Benzene (C6H6) is not “cyclohexatriene!” Benzene is an aromatic compound Definition of aromaticity : Aromaticity is the property associated with the extra stability of certain types of π systems Aromatic compound: Compounds with aromaticity The criteria of aromatic and Anti-aromatic Annulene （环多烯）: cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons Initially, all Annulene were proposed to be aromatic; However: Cyclobutadiene is so reactive that it dimerizes before it can be isolated Cyclooctatetraene adds Br2 readily Constructing Molecular Orbitals πmolecular orbitals are the sideways overlap of p orbitals. p orbitals have 2 lobes. Plus (+) and minus (-) indicate the opposite phases of the wave function, not electrical charge When lobes overlap constructively, (+ and +, or - and -) a bond