常见相近词英语语法.doc

Each和Every的区别 each与every都有“每个”的意思，但二者含义及语法功能不同，主要区别是： 1. each既可用作形容词，又可用作代词，在句中可以 作定语, 主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。 e.g. Each student has his own dictionary . （形容词，定语） Each has hi s good point . （代词，主语） Our head teacher had a talk with each of us . （代词，宾语） The students each have a desk . （代词，同位语） The children can have a bag each . （副词，状语） 2. each与every都可用作形容词，在句中作定语，但each更强调个人或个别，every更强调全体或全 部。比较： E.g. I know each number of your family . I know every number of your family . 3. each指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”；every是指许多人或事物的“全体”，与all的意 思相近。试译： 这条街上每边都有很多商店。 ［误］There are many shops on every side of the street . ［正］There a re many shops on each side of the street . 我给她父母每人 一件礼物。 ［误］I gave a present to every one of her parents . ［正］I gave a present to each of her parents . 4. 指上下文提到过的确定数目中的“每一个”时，要用each；如果上下文没有提及时，不能用each，要 用everyone等。试译： 我认为这三个答案个个都正确。 ［误］I think ever y answer of the three is right . ［正］I think each of the three answers is right . 我看见人人都忙着工作。 ［误］I saw each was busy with his work . ［正］I saw everyone was busy with his work. Water pollution is caused by waste from factories and cities. Oceans are able to clean themselves ,but certain seas,once they become dirty,are not able to do so.水的污染是由于工厂和城市的废物而引起的。大洋能够自身清除污染，但是某些海域一旦被污染，却没有自身清污能力▲ Clean作动词时意为“打扫，弄干净”。Please clean the blackboard.清擦黑板。Please clean the windows as I can hardly see out.请把窗子擦干净，我几乎看不见外面了。I must have this suit cleaned.我得把这套衣服拿去洗一下。▲请注意clean与 clear 作动词时的区别，clean意为“打扫干净”，而 clear意为“（把不必要的东西）拿走”，“清除”。例：Clear these things from the table, please.请把桌上的东西收走。Whose job is to clear snow from the road?把路上的雪清除掉的是谁的工作？We must clear the room before our guests arrived.在客人到来之前我们必须把房间腾出来。▲ Clear作不及物动词时意为“晴朗起来”。It is clearing gradually.天慢慢放晴了。We spent an hour in the airports waiting for the weather to clear.我们在机场等了一个钟头等后天晴。▲clean和 clear作形容词时意思也不一样。Clean意为“清洁的”，clear意为“清晰的”。 some与any的用法区别 any一般用于疑问句或否定句中，用于never, hard