奖励与惩罚在学生行为习惯培养中的应用(国外英文资料).docVIP

奖励与惩罚在学生行为习惯培养中的应用(国外英文资料) Application of reward and punishment in the cultivation of students behavior habits (Prof. Gao Shu, Professor of Beijing Institute of Education) First, what is the principle of reward and punishment? (1) what are rewards and punishments? Reward is a reward given to the maintenance and enhancement of the propensity to act after an act occurs. Punishment is the act of giving a certain tendency to weaken a certain tendency when something happens. Exert an offensive stimulus to reduce or deter or eliminate undesirable behavior. (two) the psychological theoretical basis of reward and punishment Classical conditioning Pavlovs theory 1. 2., Skinners theory of conditioned reflex Principle of negative reinforcement: In a certain situation, when a child does something, the stimulus that causes him to disgust disappears, then the likelihood of similar behavior in the same situation will increase in the future. This aversive stimulus is called a negative reinforcer. When the aversive stimulus is to receive the award. The principle of extinction: in a certain environment, when a child does something, the environment ignores it. Then, the likelihood of similar behavior will decrease in the future. (three) form of reward and punishment; 1. form of reward According to the content, rewards can be divided into material rewards and spiritual rewards. According to the method, rewards can be divided into compensatory rewards and reward awards. According to the executor of the award, it is divided into the school organization, giving and giving certain power to the individual reward. 2. form of punishment According to the content, punishment can be divided into material punishment and spiritual punishment. By way of punishment, punishment can be divided into compensatory punishment and deprivation punishment. According to the executor of punishment, the punishment is divided into the school organization, giving and giving certain power to the individual. Accord