情态动词.doc3.docVIP

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情态动词.doc3

情态动词 1、情态动词的基本用法 (1)can、be able to 和could ①can和be able to都表示能力. 但can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如: Can you use chopsticks? The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end. ②can和could can和could都可以表示许可。 但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如: Could you help me carry the bag? Can I help you? (2)may/might ①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Why isn’t he in class? ???? He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大) ???? He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小) ②may/might表示“允许”, may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如: He says we may leave.He said we might leave. —May / Might I use your bike???? —Yes, you can / may. —No, you mustn’t (3)must ①must表示必须: You must do everything as I do. ②must表示肯定的推测。如: The light is still on, so he must be at home. ③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如: You mustn’t smoke in the office. (4)have to have to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如: You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army. I have to be at my office every evening. (5)should / ought to ①should和ought to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如: You should / ought to work hard.You ought to respect your parents. He suggested that they should leave at once. Shouldn’t / oughtn’t to的否定形式表示””。如: Children shouldn’t smoke.:(6)will / would ①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿,否定式won’t + 动词。如: I will tell you all about it. Tom won’t do such a thing. ②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如: Will you please tell her the news when you see her?would 表示客气的请求建议或意愿。如:Would you please be quiet? Would you like coffee? ③will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。would 表示过去反复发生的动作如: Fish will die out of water.When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago. (7)need need 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如: I need to think it over. —Need you go now??????? —Yes, I must./No, I needn’t (8)dare dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带t

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