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情态动词.doc3
情态动词
1、情态动词的基本用法(1)can、be able to 和could①can和be able to都表示能力.
但can只有现在和过去时,而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时,通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力,终于能够完成某事。如:Can you use chopsticks?The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.②can和couldcan和could都可以表示许可。
但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法,一般用could,回答时则用can。如:Could you help me carry the bag?Can I help you?
(2)may/might①may/might表示可能,但may比might可能性大。如:-Why isn’t he in class????? He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)???? He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)②may/might表示“允许”,
may用于现在时或将来时,might常用在间接引语中表过去时,但might也可用于现在时间,表示比较委婉的语气,回答用may。如:He says we may leave.He said we might leave.—May / Might I use your bike????
—Yes, you can / may. —No, you mustn’t
(3)must①must表示必须:You must do everything as I do.②must表示肯定的推测。如:The light is still on, so he must be at home.③mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。如:You mustn’t smoke in the office.
(4)have tohave to 表示“必须、不得不”,是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须”,“不得不”做某事,也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。如:You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.I have to be at my office every evening.
(5)should / ought to①should和ought to表示应当、应该,前者比后者语气轻。如:You should / ought to work hard.You ought to respect your parents.He suggested that they should leave at once.
Shouldn’t / oughtn’t to的否定形式表示””。如:Children shouldn’t smoke.:(6)will / would①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿,否定式won’t + 动词。如:I will tell you all about it.Tom won’t do such a thing.②will用于疑问句中,常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如:Will you please tell her the news when you see her?would 表示客气的请求建议或意愿。如:Would you please be quiet?Would you like coffee?③will 表示习惯性的动作,有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。would 表示过去反复发生的动作如:Fish will die out of water.When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.
(7)needneed 作“必要”讲,既可作情态动词,也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to,其变化与一般动词相同。如:I need to think it over.—Need you go now??????? —Yes, I must./No, I needn’t
(8)daredare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时,主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词,后面可带t
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