句子的种类.ppt

三、就近原则 　　这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …等. 　　例如: Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter. 　　 不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任. 　　 Neither his family nor he knows anything about it. 他全家人和他都不知道那件事. 常见考法 　　对于主谓一致的考查，通常会以单选的形式出现，多是让我们选择合适的谓语动词。 　　典型例题：The factory, including its machines and buildings, __________ burnt last night. 　　A. is B. are C. were D. was 　　解析：but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致,本题中就是和The factory保持一致。而这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语. 　　答案：D 误区提醒 　　主谓一致这一知识点比较琐碎，在运用中常会因为考虑不全面而出错，所以我们必须把每一种用法记住，灵活运用。尤其要注意就近原则、集体名词和百分数,分数短语作主语的情况。 　　典型例题：Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. 　　A. were B. is C. was D. are 　　解析：本题考查的是就近原则。either … or …, neither… nor … ,not only… but also …连接两个主语时，谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近 作主语的词语保持一致。本题中就是和Steven保持一致。有now.可知是现在进行时，排除A和C. 　　答案：B 　1. They said the eighteenth and last lesson _______ quite easy. 　　 A. is B. was C. are D. were 　　2. ---When are you going to Kumming for your holidays? 　　 ---I haven’t decided. ______ this Sunday ______ next Sunday is OK. 　　 A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Neither; nor D. Not only; but also 　　3. ______ Helen ______ Joan speaks beautiful Chinese after they came to China. 　　 A. Neither; nor B. Not only; but also C. Both; and D. A and B 　　4. _______ of them has his own opinion. 　　 A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each 　　5. Are there any _______ on the farm? 　　 A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep B B D D D （一）按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1） 陈述句（Declarative Sentences）：说明一个事实或陈述 一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.　 光比声速度快。（说明事实）　　 The film is rather boring.　 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法） 2） 疑问句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出问题。有以下四种： a. 一般疑问句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time 你能按时