口腔生物化学0801(国外英语资料).doc

口腔生物化学0801(国外英语资料) Section 1 molecular composition of nucleic acids (I) classification Nucleic acids are mainly divided into two kinds of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid. DNA is mainly found in the nucleus, which is the carrier of genetic information, determines the genotype of cells and individuals. RNA exists in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and participates in the expression of genetic information in cells. (two) basic elements The basic unit of nucleic acid is nucleotides. Nucleotides are composed of pentose, bases, and phosphates. 1. pentose nucleic acids contain two kinds of pentose, which differ in whether the second carbon contains hydroxyl groups. The pentose in the RNA molecule contains hydroxyl on second bits of carbon, called beta -D- ribose; the pentose in the DNA molecule has no hydroxyl on the second bits of carbon and is called beta -D-2- ribose. The bases of 2. bases present in nucleic acid molecules are divided into two classes: purines and pyrimidines. Purines have adenine (A) and guanine (G). Pyrimidine has cytosine (C), thymine (T) and uracil (U). DNA molecules contain A, G, C, T four bases; RNA molecules in addition to T replaced by U, the other is the same as DNA. There are rare bases in nucleic acids, especially tRNA, except for five bases. (three) basic unit The basic unit of nucleic acid is nucleotides. Nucleotides are composed of pentose, bases, and phosphates. The base and pentose are connected by a glycosidic bond to form a nucleoside; the nucleoside and phosphoric acid are linked together through a phosphate bond to form a nucleotide. Depending on whether the carbon atoms of the pentose 2- site contain hydroxyl groups, they are divided into nucleotides or deoxy nucleotides. Nucleotides are present in RNA molecules, whereas nucleotides are present in DNA molecules. All the free hydroxyl groups in nucleotides can form ester bonds with phosphoric acid, but most nucleotides in the organism are linked to C-5 on ribose or ribose