Unit 14Microbiology幻灯片.pptVIP

Unit 14 Microbiology Word Formation -gen 原, 发生物 ( pathogen ) pro- 原, 前 ( protist ) pre- 在前 ( precursor ) organ/o 有机, 器官 ( inorganic ) a 无 ( abiogenesis, aseptic ) macro- 巨大( macroscopic ) -genesis 发生, 生成( biogenisis ) -cle (使小后缀) ( vesicle ) -coccus 球菌 ( staphylococcus ) -rrhea 流出, 溢出 ( gonorrhea, diarrhea ) Group Discussion 1. Are you interested in microbiology ? Why ? 2. What are the subdisciplines of microbiology ? 3. How much do you know about microbes and antibiotics ? Introduction Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are unicellular or cell-cluster microscopic organisms. This includes eukaryotes (真核生物) such as fungi and protists, and prokaryotes (原核生物) such as bacteria and certain algae. Viruses, though not strictly classed as living organisms, are also studied. Microbiology is a broad term which includes many branches like virology, mycology, parasitology and others. A person who specializes in the area of microbiology is called a microbiologist. Microbiologists explore the diversity of microbial life, they examine what allows some microbes, symbionts (共生 者), to live in a peaceful and mutually beneficial manner with their host organisms while others become parasitic or pathogenic and cause disease and deterioration. Thus, specialization in the field of microbiology encompasses not only study of the fundamental processes of bacteria, but also the examination of animal, plant and bacterial viruses, as well as animal and plant defense systems that counter infection and invasion by microorganisms. Microbiologists develop techniques to identify microbes, to kill them when they harm, or to utilize them (e.g. to produce food and pharmaceuticals, to degrade toxic waste, etc.). Microbiologists solve problems on the cutting-edge of science, utilizing ultra-modern equipment and techniques. Diversity within Microbiology Microbiologists can specialize in a variety of areas. Here are just a few areas: Bacteriologist: s