基础分子生物学Chapter12噬菌体策略.pptVIP

12.21 What determines the balance between lysogeny and the lytic cycle? 什么决定了溶源态和裂解周期之间的平衡? Cro蛋白和阻抑物表达的迟早期阶段在溶源态和裂解周期中是共同的. 关键事件是cII蛋白能否导致合成足够的阻抑物, 用以压制Cro蛋白的作用. * 决定溶源和裂解的关键时期是当迟早期基因在表达时. 如果cII蛋白导致足够的阻抑物合成, 将进入溶源态, 因为阻抑物占据了操纵基因; 反之, 如果Cro蛋白占据操纵基因, 它将导致进入裂解周期. * 复习题 ?噬菌体裂解途径的建立? ?噬菌体溶源途径的建立? * * * Lytic infection of a bacterium by a phage ends in the destruction of the bacterium with release of progeny phage. Lysis describes the death of bacteria at the end of a phage infective cycle when they burst open to release the progeny of an infecting phage (because phage enzymes disrupt the bacteriums cytoplasmic membrane or cell wall). The same term also applies to eukaryotic cells; for example, when infected cells are attacked by the immune system. Prophage is a phage genome covalently integrated as a linear part of the bacterial chromosome. Lysogeny describes the ability of a phage to survive in a bacterium as a stable prophage component of the bacterial genome. Integration of viral or another DNA sequence describes its insertion into a host genome as a region covalently linked on either side to the host sequences. Immunity in phages refers to the ability of a prophage to prevent another phage of the same type from infecting a cell. It results from the synthesis of phage repressor by the prophage genome. Immunity in plasmids describes the ability of a plasmid to prevent another of the same type from becoming established in a cell. It results usually from interference with the ability to replicate. Induction of prophage describes its entry into the lytic (infective) cycle as a result of destruction of the lysogenic repressor, which leads to excision of free phage DNA from the bacterial chromosome. The excision of phage or episome or other sequence describes its release from the host chromosome as an autonomous DNA molecule. The excision step in an excision-repair system consists of removing a single-stranded stretch of DNA by the action of a 5′-3′ exonuclea