普通物理学II（H）Chapter26 Electric Field.pptVIP

公共邮箱：phyfang@126.com 密码： phyfang126 Velocity field Vector field Space field Time varying space field Gravitation field (引力场) Notes The force between gravitating bodies was thought of as a direct and instantaneous interaction, action at a distance(超距相互作用). This view violates the special theory of relativity mass=mass A more modern interpretation mass=field=mass 28-2 The Electric field （电场强度） 28-3 The Electric field of point charge A single charge A group of N point chargesLaw of Superposition (叠加原理) Electric Dipole Electric Dipole Case of special interest: [ antennas (天线), molecules (分子)] r a Example NaCl molecular (not a crystal) Continued (p=2Qa=Ql) Continued (p=2Qa) The first degree approximation 26-4 Electric Fields fromContinuous Charge Distributions Principles (Coulomb’s Law + Law of Superposition) remain the same. Only change: Charge Densities How do we represent the charge “Q” on an extended object? How We Calculate (Uniform) Charge Densities: Take total charge, divide by “size” Electric field from an infinite line charge Approach: “Add up the electric field contribution from each bit of charge, using superposition of the results to get the final field.” In practice: Use Coulomb’s Law to find the E-field per segment of charge Plan to integrate along the line… x: from -￥ to +￥ OR q : from -p/2 to +p/2 Infinite Line of Charge We need to add up the E-field contributions from all segments dx along the line. Infinite Line of Charge Infinite Line of Charge Infinite Line of Charge To find the total field E, we must integrate over all charges along the line. If we integrate over q, we must write r’ and dq in terms of q and dq . Infinite Line of Charge Conclusion: The Electric Field produced by an infinite line of charge is: - everywhere perpendicular to the line - is proportional to the charge density - decreases as - next lecture: Gauss’ Law makes this trivial!! SummaryElectric Field LinesElectric F