普通物理学II（H）Chapter39 EMWave and Light waves.pptVIP

Chapter 39 EM Waves and Light Wave (电磁波与光波) Prof. Fang Minghu Department of Physics Zhejiang University Tel:O) Email: mhfang@zju.edu.cn 39-1 Electromagnetic wave Spectrum(电磁波谱) Electromagnetic SpectrumContinued They differ only in ? and f Visible Light (可见光) ?= 4000?-7000? violet red Light is emitted when the outer (valence) electrons in atoms change their state of motion. The study of the light emitted from the Sun and from distant stars gives information about their composition. Infrared (红外线) ?= 0.7?m-1mm Infrared is commonly emitted by atoms or molecules when they change their rotational or vibration motion. All objects emit electromagnetic radiation because their temperature (3K-3000K). 夜视镜, 辐射温度计, 红外灯 Radio waves(无线电波) ?1m They are produced from terrestrial sources through electrons oscillating in wires of electric circuits C=3?108m/s 1950年的电视讯号已传播400个？？ Radio astronomy 地球的大气对这种电磁波的吸收小 1968年 “pulsars” 脉冲信号的发现, 中子星的自转 MW(中段) ?=3km-50m SW (短波) ?=50m-10m Extra-SW(超短波) ?1m Ultraviolet (紫外线) ?=1nm-400nm In atomic transitions of outer electron 太阳光中有很多紫外线 大多的波在大气中臭氧层被吸收 氟利昂与臭氧化学反应： 气温上升、 紫外线辐射、皮肤癌 X rays ?= 0.01-10nm X rays can be produced with discrete wavelengths individual transitions among the inner electrons of atom. Or be produced when charged particles are decelerated. Medical diagnosis x-ray astronomy: black hole. Gamma rays ? 10pm These radiation can be emitted in transitions of an atomic nucleus from one state to another and can also occur in the decays of certain elementary particles. ?0=?+? e+e=?+? Gamma astronomy 39-2. Generating an Electromagnetic wave An electric charge at rest: A charge in motion at constant speed: uB, uE remains constant in time. there is no transport of energy or momentum. there is no electromagnetic radiation. The accelerated motion of the charge: RLC Circuit 2. The emitting of Electromagnetic Wave The condition o