普通物理学II（H）Chapter46(47)Matter wave.pptVIP

Chapter 46 (47) Matter Wave(物质波) Prof. Fang Minghu Department of Physics Zhejiang University Tel: 0571 Email: mhfang@zju.edu.cn The words of Nobel laureate Feynman Do not keep saying to yourself, if you can possibly avoid it, “but how can it be like that” because you will get down the drain into a blind alley (死胡同) from which nobody has yet escaped. Nobody knows how it can be like that. de Broglie’s(德布罗意) Relations Proposed in 1924, 1929 Nobel Prize Experiments Showing Wave Nature of Particles, page 1036 46-4: Uncertainty Principle (测不准原理) Barrier Tunneling UHV STM System in ZJU Atomic Structure of Si(111)-7?7 STM Image of Copper Surface 46-8 An Electron Trapped in an Atom Thank you very much for your cooperation with me in half a year! Don’t know why they are formed series of spectrum lines. The “solar system” model of atom can not explain this fact of experiment. Emission spectra of hydrogen(氢原子发射光谱) Balmer formula(1885) R is Rydberg’s constant, is equal to 1.097393571×107/m, for Balmer series, k=2. Bohr’s model of the hydrogen atom In 1913, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr (1885-1962) proposed a model of the hydrogen atom. Classical physics is wrong, and the orbits actually are stable. Electrons in an atom can exist in stable states of fixed energy, without radiating. An atom emits (or absorbs) radiation at a fixed frequency when an electron in that atom moves from one of its stable quantum states to another. The angular momentum of circular orbit is quantized. The hydrogen atom orbital There are never radius 2a0 , 3.1a0 etc.. Here a0 is Bohr radius=0.529? n=1, 2, 3, ··· The energy of electron We have obtained when we solve the Schr?dinger equation for the Hydrogen atom Balmer series: ni=2 Lyman series: ni=1 The limits for Balmer series: ni=2, nf=∞. The result of R by calculating with those constants is agree with the result of experiment. The wave function for the ground sta