第3章A_(PTminimizer).ppt

CHAPTER 3 Plasma Membrane and Transport Across Membranes OUTLINE 3.1 THE ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANE SKELETON 3.2 THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF MEMBRANES 3.3 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE  OF THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 3.4 PASSIVE TRANSPPORT OF SUBSTANCES 3.5 ACTIVE TRANSPPORT OF SUBSTANCES ? 细胞质膜 (Plasma Membrane) ? 内膜系统 （Endomembrane System) ? 生物膜(Biomembrane) 3.1 The Erythrocyte Membrane Skeleton ◆Red Blood Cells是结构最简单的细胞: ■成熟的红细胞没有细胞器； ■质膜是红细胞惟一的膜结构； ■红细胞质膜易于提纯和分离； ◆人们对膜结构的认识，大多来自于对 红细胞膜结构的研究。 3.1.1 Erythrocyte Biology ?红细胞的基本性质 ◆成熟的红细胞呈双面凹或单面凹陷的盘状，直径约为7μm,厚度1.7μm,表面积为145μm2； ？ ◆红细胞的主要功能是携带O2和运输CO2，红细胞的寿命约为120天，一生中要行走500，000米。 ？ 3.1.2 Erythrocyte Membrane Skeleton ?问题提出的依据∶ ◆行程∶500,000米 ◆要多次穿过小于自身直径一半的微小通 道; ◆要在脾脏内经受少氧、低pH值的不利条 件; ◆又要经过心脏内瓣膜涡流冲击，但始终 保持结构的完整。 ？ ? Erythrocyte Ghost One can place the cells in a dilute (hypotonic) salt solution. The cells respond to this osmotic shock by taking up water and swelling, a phenomenon termed hemolysis. As the surface area of each cell increases, the cell becomes leaky and the contents, composed almost totally of dissolved hemoglobin, flow out of the cell leaving behind a plasma membrane “ghost ?Major Proteins of Erythrocyte Membrane 红细胞膜(含膜骨架部分)大约有15种 主要的蛋白带: 其中有三种主要的蛋白: 血影蛋白 (Spectrin)、血型糖蛋白(Glycophorin)、 带3蛋白(Band 3 protein)。 ◆Band 3 Protein ■带3蛋白约为红细胞膜蛋白的25%; ■Band 3 protein serves as a channel for the passive exchange of anions across the membrane. H20 + CO2 → H2CO3 → HCO-3 + H+ ■Band 3 protein is present as a dimer composed of two identical subunits; ■ Each subunit spans the membrane at least a dozen times ; ■and contains a relatively small amount of carbohydrate (6-8 percent of the molecules weight). ◆Glycophorin A ■Glycophorin A was the first membrane protein to have its amino acid sequence