磁性物理Leture3.pptVIP

Spin down; 物质的磁性来源于原子的磁性，研究原子磁性是研究物质磁性的基础。 原子的磁性来源于原子中电子及原子核的磁矩。 原子核磁矩很小，可以忽略。 电子磁矩（轨道磁矩、自旋磁矩） ——→原子的磁矩。 ;原子是什么样子？;踩七伞陕协痞醚学禾想养鳃长鳖曾文菜锨鲜华磐七耽热绸香渔粳汹琴组馏磁性物理Leture3磁性物理Leture3;The magnetic moments in solids are associated with electrons. The microscopic theory of magnetism is based on the quantum mechanics of electronic angular momentum, which has two distinct sources- orbital motion and spin. They are coupled by spin-orbit interaction. -----------FROM: J.M. D. Coey P62;;;磁场中电子的运动;If an electron travels with velocity v across a magnetic field B, the Lorentz force ?ev × B causes an acceleration perpendicular to the velocity, which produces circular motion. Newton’s second law for the circularly accelerated motion gives F = mev2⊥/r = ev⊥B, so the cyclotron frequency fc = v⊥/2πr is proportional to the field: fc = eB/2πme .The angular frequency ωc equals 2πfc. Any component of the electron velocity parallel to the magnetic field is uninfluenced by the Lorentz force, so the trajectory is a helix around the field direction. Electrons which follow cyclotron orbits in vacuum radiate energy of frequency fc. The cyclotron frequency is 28 GHz T?1. The cyclotron radius rc = mev⊥/eB is of order a few micrometres for electrons in metals when B ≈ 1 T. It is less for semiconductors and semimetals, where a smaller electron density leads to a lower Fermi velocity and the effective electron mass m? may be less than me. One example of the use of cyclotron radiation is the domestic microwave oven. The magnetron in a domestic microwave oven uses ferrite magnets producing a field ≈ 0.09 T. The cyclotron frequency of an electron in a field B is 28 GHz T?1, so the frequency of radiation of an electron in this field is 2.45 GHz, corresponding to a wavelength λ ≈ 8 cm which is readily absorbed by water. Water absorbs microwaves over a broad range of frequency but the 2.45 GHz band is reserved for cooking. Another is the sync