语言学-期末考试-复习材料.doc

一、选择（20个） 二、判断（10~20个） 三、填空（5分） 四、词语解释（3个，各5分） 五、简答（2个，各10分；其中一个是语用学） 六、句子分析（4个） IC analysis 是倒着的树形图 Chomsky 是有S, NP,VP…与其中的树形图。 A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 2. Language is a system of two sets of structures, one of sounds and the other of meaning. This is __B__ . It makes people possible to talk everything within his knowledge. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 3. __C___ refers to the ability to construct and understand an indefinitely large number of sentences in one’s native language, including those that he has never heard before, but that are appropriate to the speaking situation. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 4. ___D__ refers to the fact that one can talk about things that are not present, as easily as he does things present. The dog couldn’t be bow-wowing sorrowfully for some lost love or a bone to be lost. A. duality B. arbitrariness C. productivity D. displacement 5. ___D___ means language is not biologically transmitted from generation to generation, but the linguistic system must be learnt anew by each speaker. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 6. ___C___ means that any human being can be both a producer and a receiver of messages. A. duality B. Arbitrariness C. interchangeability D. cultural transmission 7. To say “How are you. ” “Hi” to your friends is the ___C____of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function (adj. 交流感情/交际应酬的) D. interrogative function 8. “Tell me the result when you finish.” If you want to get your hearer to do something, you should use the ___B__ function of language. A. directive function B. informative function C. phatic function D. interrogative function 9. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as _____. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natur