打除不适用鲜烟叶对烤烟农艺性状及病害影响.docVIP

打除不适用鲜烟叶对烤烟农艺性状及病害影响 　　摘要：通过打除烤烟田间不适用鲜烟叶，研究3种田间打叶方式对烤烟农艺性状和病害的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，打掉底部2片叶、顶部2片叶，可以促进留存叶片的生长，增加叶片长度和宽度；打叶处理减轻了病害的发生，赤星病、青枯病、黑胫病的发病率和病情指数都有所下降。建议生产上在烟株打顶后适时打掉底部2片叶，以促进叶片开展，减少病害危害 关键词：烤烟（Nicotiana tabacum L.）；不适用鲜烟叶；打叶；农艺性状；病害 中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）05-0897-03 DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.05.026 Effects of Removing Unusable Fresh Leaves on Agronomic Characteristics and Diseases of Flue-cured Tobacco LIN Rui-feng1，LIU Li1，JIA Chun-lei2，YE Wei-min1，ZHANG Yong-hua3，ZHANG Jian-kui2 （1.China Tobacco Gnangdong Industrial Co.， Ltd.， Guangzhou 510145， China； 2.Tobacco Science Research Institute， Southwest University， Chongqing 400710， China； 3.Pengshui Branch of Chongqing Tobacco Company， Chongqing 409600， China） Abstract： By removing unusable fresh tobacco leaves， the effects of three kinds of removing leaf methods on agronomic characteristics and diseases of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that， compared with the contrast， when removing the bottom two leaves and the top two leaves， the growth of the other retained leaves were promoted， and the length and width of the retained leaves were all greater than that of the contrast. The results also showed that removing unusable fresh leaves could reduce the occurrence of the disease. The disease incidence and disease index of tobacco brown spot， granville wilt and black shank disease all decreased. It was suggested that removing two bottom leaves was practical to increase the leaves growth and reduce disease hazards. Key words：flue-cured tobacco（Nicotiana tabacum L.）； unusable fresh leaves； removing leaf； agronomic characteristic； disease ?S着卷烟上水平战略的深入推进和“532”、“461”大品牌的迅速发展，卷烟结构快速提升与卷烟原料的结构性矛盾日益凸显[1]，国家烟草专卖局提出了优化烟叶等级结构，提高优质烟叶供给能力的重大决策，而田间消化不适用鲜烟叶则是其中的关键[2]。通过平衡施肥、加强田间管理以及合理控制留叶数，可以提高烟株群体和个体生长发育均衡一致性，在一定程度上调控叶片的大小、厚度、质量和烟碱含量等，优化烟叶等级结构，提高烟叶品质[3]。而田间打叶处理对烟叶生长期间影响的研究并不多见，为此，本试验研究了不同田间打叶处理对烟株农艺性状和病害发生的影响，以期为制定合理的田间打叶方式、优化烟叶结构提供参考 1 材料与方法 1.1 参试品种