unit 3语翻译.pptVIP

第三章 词语的翻译 第一节 多义词、歧义词的英译 一 多义词(polysemous word) Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words.--- Eric Partridge 词本无义，义随人生。 任何一个词，用在新的上下文中就有了一个新义。要确定多义词在特定语境中的涵义，一要紧密联系上下文，二要注意这些词语的搭配习惯。 （一）上下文(context) 所谓上下文，即词、短语、语句和篇章的前后关系，有广狭之分。狭义上下文指特定语言的前言后语。广义上下文指外部经验世界。对上下文的推敲是词语翻译的重要方面，是词义选择，褒贬辨析的基础。 1.上下文与词义选择 书 ？ 一本书 a book 申请书 Letter of Application 协议书 Agreement 家书 a letter from home (使用）说明书 Directions 成交确认书 Sales Confirmation 情书 a love letter 国书 credentials 议定书 protocol 证书 Certificate 书报亭 news-stand 书画 painting and calligraphy 书房 study 书生 intellectual 参考书目 bibliography 意见= opinion, view, suggestion ? 1）两位领导人就双边关系及共同关心的问题交换了意见。 The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern. 2）党员应该虚心倾听群众的意见。 A party member should listen carefully to the opinions of the masses. 3）他们对这项计划提出了修改意见。 They made some suggestions for the revision of the plan. 4）大家对你很有意见。 People have a lot of complaints about you. 5）他们就推举谁做下届总统候选人取得了一致意见。 They have reached unanimity on who will be the presidential candidate for the next general election. 6）他们在会上闹起了意见。 They got into disputes at the meeting. Opinion: “意见”、“主张”、“看法”，往往有“初步的”、“不十分肯定的”意味，区别于坚信不疑和确知无误。 View: 相当于汉语的“见解”或“观点”，侧重对较广泛、重大或有关公众的问题所采取的态度。和opinion相比，view更为固定、全面、有系统。 2.上下文与词义的褒贬 译词必须辨析词的褒贬。 1）他们讲索取，我们讲奉献。 They preach taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others. 2）她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。 What she seeks is truth, and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth. 3）宣传部= propaganda department ? 宣传：对群众说明讲解，使群众相信并跟着行动。（ 《现代汉语词典》 ） Propaganda: now often used disparagingly to connote deception or distortion ( Webster’s New World Dictionary) Propaganda: is usually false or exaggerated information, rumours and opinions that are presented to try to influence public opinion ( Chambers Essential English Dictionary, 1998 ) 宣传部：publicity department 4）宣传教育= Publicity and education 3.上下文与词义的广狭 汉英相比，汉语重整体思维，命名重统一，故多类名词，而英语少类名词。如英语有skin（人皮），bark（树皮），hide（兽皮），cover（书皮）