名词性从句语法解析(二).docxVIP

名词性从句语法解析（二）三、宾语从句1. 宾语从句的引导词宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)、连接代词或连接副词以及关系代词型what引导：We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。I don’t know whether he’ll arrive in time. 我不知道他是否能及时到。I don’t know who (m) you mean. 我不知道你指谁。He asked why he had to go alone. 他问他为什么必须一个人去。Please tell me which you like. 告诉我你喜欢哪一个。She has got what she wanted. 她要的东西得到了。注：有时介词后可接跟一个宾语从句(但介词后通常不接that和if引导的宾语从句)：From what you say, he is right. 根据你所说的，他是对的。有极个别介词(如but, except)可接that引导的宾语从句：She remembered nothing about him except that his hair was black. 她对他什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。2. 宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末：I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。3. 连词that的省略问题引导宾语从句的连词that 通常可以省略：She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她说过要来开会的。I promise you (that)I will be there. 我答应你我会去。注：有时为了强调，that引导的宾语从句可位于句首，此时that不可省略：That she is a good girl I know. 她是一个好姑娘，我是知道的。4. 宾语从句与否定转移当动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主语：I don’t suppose that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。I don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来的。四、表语从句1. 表语从句的引导词引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if, as though, because等连词：The fact is that he doesn’t really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。It isn’t as if you were going away forever. 义不是你离开不回来了。It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。注：whether 可此导表语从句，但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句；because 可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。2. 连词that的省略问题引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略：My idea is (that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。The trouble is (that) he is ill. 糟糕的是他病了。