Chapter 4 Phonology(音位学).ppt

Chapter 4 Phonology(音位学) Sound system: the combination,organization and its patterns 4.1 phonetics and phonology: Phonetics is a study of the production,transmission and perception of speech sounds, and their physical properties. Phonology studies how speech sounds are combined organized and convey meanings in a particular language. Phonetics is a study of speech sounds while phonology is a study of the sound system of a language, it is language-specific. Phonetics studies the concrete aspects of speech sounds: production, transmission and perception, while phonology deals with the abstract aspects: how they distinguish meaning and combine together. Different languages have different phonological systems: [v] [with] [three] phoneme,phone, allophone scar give lead meat ten class garden mlk comfort tenth skin stop kiss speak pet top cocktail pity pen written factory stop get What sound are there? eighth Phonemes are the minimal distinctive units in the sound system of a language. Allophones are the different realizations of a particuar phoneme in a language. 椅子: 木头椅,铁椅,藤椅 Phones are the smallest identifiable phonetic unit or segment in a stream of speech. Phones may or may not distinguish meanings. All allophones are phones, they are the different variants of a phoneme in different environements. A phoneme is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language. Minimal pairs but VS put; fine VS vine cap VS gap rate VS late bet VS bat hot VS hit pill—bill—will—fill—kill—till light—night—right—tight—sight Phonology is concerned with what difference are significant or distinct, distinguish meaning. Minimal pair---a pair of words which differ from each other by one sound. Three conditions: 1 the two froms are different in meaning; 2 the two forms are different in one segment; 3 the different