Chap_14竞争市场中的企业(ppt48).pptVIP

Firms in Competitive Markets竞争市场中的企业 Chapter 14 WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET? A perfectly competitive market has the following characteristics: There are many buyers and sellers in the market. The goods offered by the various sellers are largely the same. Firms can freely enter or exit the market. 什么是竞争市场？ 完全竞争市场有以下特点 : 市场中有许多买者和许多卖者。 各个卖者所提供的物品大体上是相同的。 企业可以自由地进入或退出市场。 WHAT IS A COMPETITIVE MARKET? As a result of its characteristics, the perfectly competitive market has the following outcomes: The actions of any single buyer or seller in the market have a negligible impact on the market price. each buyer and seller is a price taker. 什么是竞争市场？ 由于以上特点, 完全竞争市场 具有以下结果: 市场上任何一个买者或卖者的行动对市场价格的影响都可以忽略不计。 每一个买者和卖者都是价格的接受者 The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 Total revenue for a firm is the selling price times the quantity sold. 一个企业的总收益等于销售价格乘以销售量。 TR = (P X Q) The Revenue of a Competitive Firm Average revenue tells us how much revenue a firm receives for the typical unit sold. The Revenue of a Competitive Firm In perfect competition, average revenue equals the price of the good. The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 Marginal revenue is the change in total revenue from an additional unit sold. 边际收益是增加一个单位销售量 所引起的总收益变化。 MR =?TR/ ?Q The Revenue of a Competitive Firm竞争企业的收益 For competitive firms, marginal revenue equals the price of the good. 对竞争企业来说，边际收益等于 物品的销售价格。 表1. 竞争企业的总收益、平均收益和边际收益 Profit Maximization and the Competitive Firm’s Supply Curve The goal of a competitive firm is to maximize profit. This means that the firm will want to produce the quantity that maximizes the difference between total revenue and total cost. 利润最大化与竞争企业的供给曲线 竞争企业的目标是利润最大化。 这就意味着企业想生产某一产量，使总收益与总成本的差最大。 表2. 利润最大化: 一个数字例子 Figure 1 Profit Maximization for a Competitive Firm Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm竞争企业的利润最大化 Profit maximization occurs at the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. 当边际收益等于边际成本时，企业实现利润最大化。 Profit Maximization for the Competitive Firm Fi