《五侯鲭字海》与《海篇直音》字头对比研究.pdf

摘 要 摘 要 《新校经史海篇直音》（简称《海篇直音》）成书于明代是在《四声篇海》的基础上 编纂而成的一部大型字书。全书共十卷，部首 444 部，收字 55355 个，注音采用直音， 释义简单。 《五侯鲭字海》也成书于明代，在《海篇直音》的基础上编纂而成，其收字出于《海 篇直音》而又有所增减，编写体例遵依《海篇直音》而又有些细微差别，注音亦用直音， 释义较简单。全书收字总数为 69029 个，其中重出字 15317 个，实际收字 53712 个。 《五侯鲭字海》与《海篇直音》是具有直接传承关系的两部字书，具有一定的可比 性。本论文以辞书学、训诂学、文字学理论为指导，在熟悉《五侯鲭字海》与《海篇直 音》的原书内容和相关的研究成果的基础上，首先对两书的字头进行封闭式、穷尽式测 查研究，并对其收字、列字和字形方面的差异进行客观描写。然后对两书字头在收字、 列字和字形方面存在差异的原因进行适当地阐述。最后指出两书对比研究的意义：通过 对《五侯鲭字海》字数的统计，利于后世的字书研究者对《五侯鲭字海》的收字字数有 重新的认识；通过对《五侯鲭字海》增删字的分析，总结出《五侯鲭字海》的编纂除了 主要依据《海篇直音》之外，还参考了其他字书，进而对《四库全书总目提要》中的说 法进行了有力补充；通过两书字头字形的对比研究，可以纠正两书字形传刻之误，有利 于两书的整理。 关键词 《五侯鲭字海》 《海篇直音》 字头 对比研究 I Abstract Abstract Xinjiaojingshihaipianzhiyin(shortened form Haipianzhiyin) ，written in the Ming Dynasty, is a large-scale dictionary ,which is compiled on the basis of Sishengpianhai. The dictionary includes ten volumes, 444 departments, and 55355 characters. Its phonetic notation is zhiyin, and its interpretation is simple. Wuhouzhengzihai, also written in the Ming Dynasty, is compiled on the basis of Haipianzhiyin. The dictionary accepts characters from Haipianzhiyin with selection, obey the compiled style of Haipianzhiyin with some difference. Its phonetic notation also is zhiyin, its interpretation is simple. The dictionary includes twenty volumes, 69029 characters, including 15317 repetitive characters, so it actually includes 53712 characters. Wuhouzhengzihai and Haipianzhiyin have a direct inheriting relationship, and have certain comparability. In this paper, the author use the lexicography、exegetics and philology theory as the guide, on the basis o