“文化基因”与艺术设计教育之中国特色——中国现代设计教育方式方法初探.pdf

摘要 中国现代设计发展中经济基础、社会环境、历史背景等原因，中国现代设计中 传统文化的解读出现了意义的偏差，中国现代设计出现了种种不如意的现象。 设计教育无疑是解决问题的有效途径之一，行之有效的教育方式方法解决问题 可以事半功倍。现代设计教育自产生以来，中国一直是采取直接嫁接的方式， 将西方的设计教育理论直接用于中国设计教学实践。然而，“一方水土养育一方 人”，特定的自然环境、地理资源、气候特征、社会文化、历史背景必然造就特 定民族性格、生存方式、思维习惯、审美需求与价值取向。现如今，中国的文 化习惯和一定的思维方式与西方的现代设计教育理论之间的矛盾已日益成为中 国设计教育发展的关键点，成为制约中国设计水平的主要因素。本文认为，中 国传统文化即自然环境、地域文化、民族文化、社会文化、民族风俗、生存观 念、审美追求、价值取向等具有天生的稳定的遗传机制，犹如基因，代代相传。 因此，本文通过中国传统文化思维方式特点，中国传统设计文化特点以及基于 此文化背景中形成的传统设计教育特点的分析，提出中国现代设计教育应顺应 中国人的“文化基因”进行因“材”施教。 关键词 文化基因；设计教育；中国特色；方式方法；因材施教 III Abstract The development of economic foundation in modern design in China,the social environment,historical background and other reasons;the Chinese traditional culture appeared in various unpleasant phenomenon in modern design.Undoubtedly,design education is one of the effective ways to solve the problem,and it makes things easier to save us the trouble.Actually,the Modern design education in China has always been a way of taking direct grafting and the design of western educational theories of teaching has been practicing directly for Chinese design. However,in old saying we say, People are from different background, therefore, we have different characteristics.The facts like,specific natural environment, geography, climate characteristics,social and cultural, historical background must create a specific national character, and their way of life, habits of mind, aesthetic needs and values. Now, Chinas cultural habits and our certain way of thinking and the theory of modern Western design education is a contradiction between the development of Chinas key point of design education. Design restricted the level of the main factors in China. This view, Chinese traditional culture that is the natural environment, reg