2 虚拟语气.pptVIP

四级考试语法复习重点(2) 虚 拟 语 气 考试重点简介 英语中的虚拟语气有4种，一种是条件句中的虚拟语气，一种是含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，一种是名词性从句中的虚拟语气，还有一种是状语从句中的虚拟语气。其中虚拟时态的运用很大程度上和其所处的句型有关。95年以来，对虚拟语气的考查有28题之多，占词汇/语法总数的15.2%。下面我们也分四部分来看一下四级考试中虚拟语气的运用。 1.条件句中的虚拟语气 1) If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ____ now.  A. wouldnt be smiling B. couldnt have smiled 　　 C. wont smile 　　 D. didnt smile 1) A ① 对于虚拟条件句中时态的运用，首先应该区分主从句的不同。从句中用过去时，过去完成时，或were to/should +原形动词，而主句中用would/could/might/should + 原形动词或动词的完成形式。 2) ____ for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.  A. Not being 　　 B. Had it not been 　　 C. Without being 　　D. Not having been B ② 虚拟条件句有单一条件句，也有混合虚拟条件句，所以不能只根据从句与某一事实相反来判断主句就与该事实相反，同样，也不能想当然地认为主句与某一事实相反，从句也就与该事实相反。 如1）从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反。再如： If he weren‘t such a kind man, he wouldn’t have lent a hand to such people as you the other day. (从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。) Were my friends not to come tomorrow, I wouldnt have bought so many foods. (从句与将来事实相反，主句与过去事实相反。) 3) ______before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party. A. Had they arrived 　　 B. Would they arrive C. Were they arriving 　　D. Were they to arrive 3) D ③ 熟记主从句动词与不同事实相反时的时态运用规则。解题时根据句子所表达的时间概念确定与什么事实相反，然后采用相应的时态。 4) Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____ a job she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. A. has to get 　　B. were to get C. had got 　　D. could have got 4) B ④ if引导条件状语从句时，可以将were/had/should提至句首，省略if。考试时经常是将省略if的与含有if的选项并列，在这种情况下，应注意分清从句的时态，尽管多数情况下都是倒装的结构为正确选项。 5) _____ right now, she would get there on Sunday. A. Would she leave 　　 B. If she leaves 　　 C. Were she to leave 　　D. If she had left 5) C ⑤ If it weren‘t/hadn’t been for …以及其倒装结构were it not for/had it not been for表示“如果不是……的话” 6) Had he worked harder, he ____ the exams. A. must have got through 　　B. would have got through C. would get through D. could get through 7) If the whole operation _____ beforehand, a grea