从50-60年代《妇女》杂志的发展看新妇女解放思 .docVIP

“劳动妇女”的意识形态 ——从1950-1960年代《中国妇女》杂志的发展看新中国妇女解放思想的传播 徐艳蕊 （浙江大学宁波理工学院，浙江 宁波 315100） [摘要] 1950-1960年代，《中国妇女》杂志在宣传妇女解放思想的过程中发挥了重要作用。一方面，它努力传达一种通过参与社会生产获得社会身份的劳动妇女价值观；另一方面，它涉及了婚恋、母职、家务、女性生理等多种议题，力图将妇女生活的各个方面，纳入到共产党所领导的妇女运动的话语体系中来。这些信念曾经激励几代妇女积极进入到社会基本设施建设、工农业生产和各项政治运动中去。但是，“劳动妇女”这一身份强调妇女参与社会工作的重要性，但却没有处理社会劳动和家务劳动之间的紧张，致使大部分妇女需要身兼双重重担；同时劳动妇女的正面价值也是在批判“个人主义”的基础上建立起来的，这就意味着妇女的个人情感和多样化选择很难得到尊重和体现。这些原因致使“劳动妇女”形象在80年代后期影响力开始逐渐减弱。就在同一时间段，《中国妇女》杂志也有了明显调整，杂志所塑造女性形象开始变得更加多样，有关女性的话题也更具灵活性了。 [关键词] 劳动妇女；妇女解放运动；《中国妇女》杂志；价值观 Ideologies of Working Women ——Women of China and the Promotion of Ideas of Womens Liberation Xu Yanrui (Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China) Abstract：The magazine Women of China played an important role in promoting ideas of women’s liberation in the 1950s and 1960s. On the one hand it tried to reinforce the idea that the only way to get legal status for women was to step into society and work. On the other hand it discussed a variety of topics including love, marriage, motherhood, housework and reproductive health, and attempted to turn these topics into the discourse system of the Chinese Communist Party. These beliefs had inspired generations of women to engage in infrastructure construction, industrial and agricultural production and political movements. However, ideas of working women emphasized the importance of participation in work, but not provided a solution to relieve the tension between work and housework at the same time; it means that most women had to bear the double burden. Meanwhile beliefs of working women were founded upon the negation of individualism. In this situation women’s individual feelings and choices could not get any respect or realization. In the late 1980s, the image of working women declined in influence. During this same period of time，both the female image and the topics have becom