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Carbon 45 (2007) 839–846 /locate/carbon The effect of different orientations in rigid rod polyimide films on the graphitized products V.E. Smirnova a, I.V. Gofman a,*, T.A. Maritcheva a, V.E. Yudin a, K. Eto b, T. Takeichi b, Y. Kaburagi c, Y. Hishiyama c a Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O. Bolshoi pr., 31, St.-Petersburg 199004, Russia b School of Materials Science, Toyohashi University of Technology, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan c Faculty of Engineering, Musashi Institute of Technology Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan Received 11 October 2005; accepted 14 November 2006 Available online 29 December 2006 Abstract The effect of uniaxial and in-plane orientation of different rigid-rod homo- and co-polyimide films on the development of graphite structure after heat treatment up to 3070 K was investigated. The magnetoresistance and X-ray diffraction measurements were carried out to estimate the degree of graphitization and in-plane orientation of graphite crystallites. Both pristine and in-plane pre-oriented polyimide films show high degrees of graphitization. In-plane cold-drawing leads to the increase of in-plane orientation of polyimide films, but it produces the different actions on the graphitization parameters of homo- and co-polyimide films. While the cold pre-drawing of homo-polyimide films increases their graphitizability, this pre-treatment of the co-polyimide films does not lead to the improvement of graphitized material’s charact