Lesson 4 词语的选择.pptVIP

Lesson Four（第四课） 词语的选择 Diction I. Review on the Exercises: 1. English-Chinese exercise: “Aluminum, though much less strong than steel, can be given a strength approaching that of steel when it is alloyed with small quantities of copper, manganese（锰） and magnesium (镁), and subjected to heat treatment process.” ① grammar analysis: inaccurate comprehension of the SL text “subjected to heat treatment process”. 此句中subjected是和前面的 “alloyed with small quantities of…” 并列的，因此是合金处理过程的两个步骤；而不是另一个分句。 ② careless diction: “steel” 应译成“钢”或“钢铁”，而很多同学译成“铁”。 ③ unconformity with the SL in diction: “Aluminum, though much less strong than steel”句中，很多同学译为“铝比铁要软得多”“铝比铁在硬度上要差很多”，“要…得多”很口语化，与原文用词不符，同时也不适于用来译科普文章。 ④ careless omission of the SL text: “…可以通过添加少量铜、锰、镁的方法加强硬度。” 原文 “a strength approaching that of steel” 中明确提及硬度可以达到“接近钢的硬度”，译文中没有译出。 2. Chinese-English exercise: 唐长安城包括今西安城和近郊区，面积相当于现在西安城的七倍半，城周有36.7公里，城内居住着约100万人口。 ① 城市名表达：Shanghai, Xi’an, Chang’an. ② 唐长安城：不能译成Tang Chang’an Cheng, 应该译为Chang’an City in the Tang Dynasty. ③ 周长：girth主要是指树的周长，或腰身长度。应该译成 “circumference、perimeter”。有同学译成length of the city wall，跟原文不对等。 ④ “Including Xi’an City and suburbs, is seven and a half times as large as which of Xi’an City, its circumference is 35.7 miles. There are about 100 million people lived in. ⑤ 某市市区：…city proper. proper: 严格而言；真正的；本身的 Japan proper 日本本土 8 o’clock proper 八点整 ⑥ 近郊区：the suburbs 本身即指近郊。 ⑦ 7.5 倍：7.5 times as large as…或6.5 times larger than… seven and a half times 或seven times and a half 千万不能译成：half and seven times ⑧ 句式过于简单，都是简单句。 II. Correspondence between English and Chinese at Word Level 1. one word with multiple equivalents of different meanings wife: 妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、内人，那口子，（贤）内助，内当家的，娘子，娇妻，拙荆…… wife: woman, better half（配偶）, helpmate（伴侣）, grey mare and squaw（胜过丈夫的妻子）, consort, spouse, companion, married partner,… (spouse/consort/mate: 配偶（有时亦可指男性） companion/helpmate：终身伴侣 married partner/married woman：口语，even in slang better half/old lady: coll