Lesson 4 科技外语.pptVIP

《电子信息工程专业英语教程》 Lesson 4 Shafts, Couplings and Splines Terminology Text tour Terminology Coupling A coupling is a device for connecting the ends of adjacent shafts. 联轴器：联轴器是用来把相邻的两个轴的轴端联接起来的装置 Keyway (也可以称为key seat) A slot for a key in the hub or shaft of a wheel 键槽：轮毂里或轴上装键的沟槽 Bolt 螺栓, 螺杆 Text tour Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow (hollow shafts can result in weight savings). Rectangular shafts are sometimes used, as in screw driver blades, socket wrenches and control knob stems. 实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最常见的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以是空心的(空心轴可以减轻重量)。有时也采用矩形轴，例如，螺丝刀的头部、套筒扳手和控制旋扭的杆。 A shaft must have adequate torsional strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed. It must also be torsionally stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft. 为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该具有适当的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭刚度，以使在同一个轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会过大。 Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key. The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated. For example, stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways, and the material removed to form the keyway further weakens the shaft. 齿轮和带轮等零件通过键联接在轴上。在对键及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中，必须进行认真的计算。例如，轴上的键槽会引起应力集中，由于键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积 减小，会进一步减弱轴的强度。 Many shafts are supported by three or more bearings, which means that the problem is statically indeterminate. Texts on strength of materials give methods of solving such problems. The design effort should be in keeping with the economics of a given situation. 许多轴需要三个或更多的轴承来支撑，这就意味着它是一个超静定问题。材料力学教科书介绍了求解这类问题的方法。但是，设计工作应该与特定场合的经济性相符合。 In connecting shafts belonging to separate devices (such as an electric motor and a gearbox), precise aligning of the shafts is difficult and a flexible coupling is used. This coupling connects the