BOSE-EINSTEINCONDENSATE创新.PDFVIP

NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF QUANTIZED VORTICES IN THE BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE QIANG DU∗ Abstract. The theoretical analysis of many recent experimental work on a single component Bose-Einstein condensate has been based on the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We discuss a few algorithms for solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equations and we use them to compute the quantized vortices in Bose-Einstein condensate. Key words. vortices, Bose-Einstein condensate, Gross-Pitaevskii equation, numerical schemes, finite element, finite difference, operator-splitting, symplectic and multi-symplectic integration 1. Introduction. Bose-Einstein condensation was first predicted in 1924 by Bose and Einstein. However, the experimental confirmation of Bose-Einstein con- densation in atomic gases was only achieved recently in 1995. It was considered as such an important development that the centennial Nobel Prize for Physics has been awarded to the researchers who created this so-called fifth state of matter in the lab- oratory, Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman. These researchers were also cited for their early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates. One of the early questions asked of BECs were whether they were superfluids. A particularly interesting signature of superfluids is the ability to support quantized circulation. The existence of quantized vortices in the Bose-Einstein condensate has been well documented, see for instance [7, 8, 12, 22, 25, 26, 34, 31, 32, 38]. The vortex cores in the Bose-Einstein condensate are about a thousand times larger than those in the superfluid 4He so that they can be examined more closely: “two of the most interesting things in a vortex’s life are its birth and dea