史前人类与文明 Prehistory Overview.ppt

Prehistory An Overview The prehistoric period c. 4.5 MYA-3700 BCE Major accomplishments Tool manufacture and use Communication Verbal Written? Domestication of animals And plants? Finally: agriculture The “First Wave” The Paleolithic period “old stone age” c. 500,000 BCE - c. 6000 BCE Basic features Hunting and gathering Remarkable art (and religion?) Simple tools of chipped stone Simple shelters Fire c. 150,000 BCE? Language The Neolithic period Began in Middle East around 6000 BCE to c. 3700 BCE Basic features Food production Polished stone tools and weapons? More settled, less nomadic lifestyles “permanent” villages Population increases Development of a more complex (and satisfying?) social order Human evolution The Australopithecines “Lucy” Homo habilis “Handy Man” Homo erectus The mysterious Neanderthal The subject of one of prehistory’s most intriguing questions Eating Who was the more productive? The hunter? Or the gatherer? The peripatetic life Extraordinary art! Cave art (cont.) What general theme is evident here? Cave artists Paleolithic religion? Homo faber Early stone tools A. Homo habilis B. Homo erectus C. Neanderthal The Fertile Crescent shaduf Farming Settling down Prerequisite to civilization Jericho Jordan River valley c. 8000 BCE Catal Hüyük Modern Turkey c. 6500 BCE Catal Hüyük (cont.) The first writing? Neolithic religious life * c B. C. A.