国际贸易Chapter8 International Trade Policy, Tariff.ppt

Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Slides prepared by Thomas Bishop Copyright ? 2009 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. Chapter 8 International Trade Policy: Tariff 6-* Preview Types of Tariffs The Effects of a Tariff in a small economy The Effects of a Tariff in a large economy Dynamic effects of a Tariff Effective Rate of Protection 8-* Types of Tariffs A tariff(关税) is levied for imported goods and exported goods by customs. A specific tariff(从量关税) is levied as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. For example, $1 per kg of cheese An ad valorem tariff(从价关税) is levied as a fraction of the value of imported goods. For example, 25% tariff on the value of imported cars. 8-* Types of Tariffs(cont.) A sliding tariff(滑准税) changes in reverse to the price of imported goods. When import price is higher, the rate of sliding tariff will decrease, vice versa. A special tariff(特别性关税) is levied for imported or exported goods for a particular purpose. For example, anti dumping duty/countervailing tariff, and anti subsidy tariff. 8-* The Effects of a Tariff in a small economy Let’s construct a model measuring how a tariff affects a single market, say that of wheat, in a small economy. Suppose that in the absence of trade the price of wheat in the foreign country is lower than that in the domestic country. With trade the foreign country will export, while the domestic country will import wheat. When a country is “small,” it has no effect on the foreign (world) price of a good, because its demand of the good is an insignificant part of world demand. 6-* Fig.8-1The Effects of a Tariff in a small economy 8-* The change of the price of wheat in the domestic market Domestic country is a small importer of wheat, Pw is the world price of wheat, and Pd is the price of wheat in the domestic market. A tariff t can be viewed as an added cost of import, making importers unwilling to import goods, unless the price difference between the domestic