多线程停车位实例.doc

本文将介绍用来控制资源同时访问个数的Semaphore工具类, 然后采用Semaphore给出一个泊车的实例,最后给出Semaphore和CountDownLatch的几点比较. 1. Semaphore工具类介绍 Java代码 ? /**? ?*?A?counting?semaphore.??Conceptually,?a?semaphore?maintains?a?set?of? ?*?permits.??Each?{@link?#acquire}?blocks?if?necessary?until?a?permit?is? ?*?available,?and?then?takes?it.??Each?{@link?#release}?adds?a?permit,? ?*?potentially?releasing?a?blocking?acquirer.? ?*?However,?no?actual?permit?objects?are?used;?the?ttSemaphore/tt?just? ?*?keeps?a?count?of?the?number?available?and?acts?accordingly.? ?*? ?*?pSemaphores?are?often?used?to?restrict?the?number?of?threads?than?can? ?*?access?some?(physical?or?logical)?resource.? ?*/?? 从Semaphore的注释中可以看出如下几点: 1.从概念上讲，信号量维护了一个许可集。如有必要，在许可可用前会阻塞每一个 acquire()，然后再获取该许可。每个 release() 添加一个许可，从而可能释放一个正在阻塞的获取者。 2. Semaphore并不使用实际的许可对象，Semaphore 只对可用许可进行计数，并采取相应的行动。 3.Semaphore 通常用于限制可以访问某些资源（物理或逻辑的）的线程数目。 Semaphore中定义了一个内部类Sync，该类继承AbstractQueuedSynchronizer。 从代码中可以看出，Semaphore的方法基本上都调用了Sync的方法来实现。Smaphore还提供了公平和非公平的两种方式. Semaphore工具类相关的类图以及详细代码如下：  Java代码 ? /*? ?*?@(#)Semaphore.java???1.8?04/07/12? ?*? ?*?Copyright?2004?Sun?Microsystems,?Inc.?All?rights?reserved.? ?*?SUN?PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL.?Use?is?subject?to?license?terms.? ?*/?? ?? package?java.util.concurrent;?? import?java.util.*;?? import?java.util.concurrent.locks.*;?? import?java.util.concurrent.atomic.*;?? ?? /**? ?*?A?counting?semaphore.??Conceptually,?a?semaphore?maintains?a?set?of? ?*?permits.??Each?{@link?#acquire}?blocks?if?necessary?until?a?permit?is? ?*?available,?and?then?takes?it.??Each?{@link?#release}?adds?a?permit,? ?*?potentially?releasing?a?blocking?acquirer.? ?*?However,?no?actual?permit?objects?are?used;?the?ttSemaphore/tt?just? ?*?keeps?a?count?of?the?number?available?and?acts?accordingly.? ?*? ?*?pSemaphores?are?often?used?to?restrict?the?number?of?threads?than?can? ?*?access?some?(physical?or?logical)?resource.?For?example,?here?is? ?*?a?class?that?uses?a?semaphore?to?control?access?to?a?pool?of?items:? ?*?pre? ?*