定语从句的翻译8.ppt

三、定语从句的翻译(Translation of Attributive Clauses) 1. 译成前置定语(合译法) 把定语从句译成汉语带“的”的定语短语，放在被修饰词之前， 从而将复合句译成汉语简单句。例如 1) The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下干活的人对他都怕得要死。 2) Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。 3) This is the reason why I am not in favor of revising the plan. 这就是我不赞成修改计划的原因。 4) “How could a great paper like the Washington Post, full of brilliant editors, get so involved in its own conceit and arrogance to pursue a story which its own staff was saying was fabricated from the beginning?” 像《华盛顿邮报》这样一家拥有许多出色编辑的大报， 为何自以为是和高傲自大到如此地步， 竟然追求一篇连自己的编辑人员从一开始也认为是虚构的报道？” 5)When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他常常聚精会神地做工作， 这时他会废寝忘食。 6)The sun , which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳， 现在又光芒四射地露面了。 2. 译成并列分句（分译法） 如果从句太长， 译成前置定语显得太长而且不符合汉语表达习惯， 往往可以译成后置的并列分句。例如： 1) A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质， 在适当温度下能燃烧并放出热量。 2) Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter morning. 牛顿发明了一只蜡烛的纸灯笼， 在昏暗的冬天早晨上学时带着灯笼照路。 3) We will put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so busy. 我们把郊游推迟到下星期， 到那时我们不会这么忙了。 4) In power stations, coal or oil is burned and changed into electricity, which is then sent over to homes and factories. 在发电站里， 煤和油燃烧变成电， 然后电沿着导线输送到住家和工厂。 5) She was not unconscious, as could be judged from her eyes. 她没有失去知觉， 这从她的眼睛可以看出来。 6) Nearly everyone knows the story of “the dog that worried the cat that caught the rat that ate the grain that lay in the house that Jack built.” 几乎人人都知道这个故事：“ 杰克盖了房， 房里堆了粮， 耗子把粮吃光， 猫把耗子抓伤， 狗又把猫逼上房。” 3. 混合译法 有时根据汉语的表达习惯， 可以把原句中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立的句子。这种方法比较适合翻译限制性定语从句和“There be”结构中含有的定语从句。例如： 1)There are many people who want to apply for the position. 有很多人想应聘这个岗位。 2) Fortunately there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smoke